Universities, Innovation and Economic Growth (MOD)

摘要：研究美国大学对创新进程和国民收入的贡献，对于理解美国目前的经济地位是如何实现的，以及如何保持或提高美国的国际竞争力具有重要意义。该项目模拟了创新系统的一个关键组成部分，特别是知识的创造和部署以及金融资源的流动。这项工作的目标是评估大学资源的各种组合，特别是STEM单位的组合，对创新过程中代表中间步骤的结果的贡献，这些结果有助于NI，从而有助于美国的竞争力。该项目的关键观点是，大学可以产生多种产出，例如提供高技能劳动力和新知识。这种劳动和技术发展对国民经济的重要性，在古典经济理论和进化经济理论中都得到了很好的证实。此外，大学还是企业和行业的支持机构。大学促进了中间成果，刺激了创新过程，推动了国民经济。主要重点是利用数据开发新模型，解释美国大学资源部署与中间（国民收入增长）大学成果之间的关系，特别是在科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域。这些结果对美国的经济增长和最终的国际竞争力都很重要，因此这些模型可以用来为科学和技术投资决策提供信息。该项目建立了一个关系元数据库，用于研究美国大学的资源配置与与创新和经济增长相关的中间大学成果之间的关系。项目的数据来自机构、部门和个人层面的各种来源。中间和最终结果包括支付的工资、毕业生的培养、专利、许可证、初创和衍生公司、咨询、产学研联合资助和合同、企业的职业培训项目。员工，更重要的是研究论文。？输入?与这些成果相关的包括各种大学资源：例如，大学教职员工和学生工作者的人力资源；这些人在教学、研究和服务方面的时间分配；那么大学的分配呢？我们拥有自己的财政资源。更广泛的影响：好处包括促进对美国大学资源部署与STEM领域中期大学成果之间关系的理解。这些成果对美国的经济增长以及最终的国际竞争力都非常重要。因此，该模型可用于为科技投资决策提供信息。

ABSTRACT: Studying the contributions of U.S. universities to the innovation process and National Income is important to understanding how our current economic status has been achieved and to how our international competitiveness may be maintained or increased. This project models a key component of the innovation system, particularly creation and deployment of knowledge and the flows of financial resources. The objectives of this work are to produce estimates of the contributions of various combinations of university resources, especially those of STEM units, to outcomes that represent intermediate steps in the innovation process and that contribute to NI and thus to U.S. competitiveness.The key insight of the project is that universities produce multiple outputs--for example supplies of highly skilled labor and new knowledge. The importance of this labor and technological development to the national economy has been well established in both classical and evolutionary economic theory. In addition, universities serve as support institutions for firms and industries. Universities contribute to intermediate outcomes that stimulate innovation processes and fuel the national economy. The primary emphasis is to use data to develop new models explaining the relationships among resource deployment in U. S. universities and intermediate (to National Income growth) university outcomes, particularly in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). These are outcomes that are important to U.S. economic growth and ultimately to international competitiveness and hence the models can be used to inform science and technology investment decisions.The project builds a relational meta data base that examines the relationships among resource deployment in U.S. universities and intermediate university outcomes related to innovation and economic growth. The data for the project are derived from a variety of sources at the institutional, departmental, and individual levels. Intermediate and final outcomes include wages paid, the production of graduates, patents, licenses, start-up and spin-off companies, consultancies, joint industry-university grants and contracts, job-training programs for firms? employees, and importantly, research papers. ?Inputs? related to these outcomes include various university resources: e.g., the human resources of university faculty, staff, and student workers; the time allocations of these individuals across teaching, research and service; and the allocation of the university?s own financial resources. BROADER IMPACTS: The benefits include advancing understanding of the relationships among resource deployment in U. S. universities and intermediate university outcomes in STEM fields. These are outcomes that are important to U.S. economic growth and ultimately to international competitiveness. Thus, the models can be used to inform science and technology investment decisions.