CT-ER: Exploring Physical Functions for Lightweight and Robust Cryptography

低成本设备，例如RFID、智能卡、传感器节点等， 正在成为构建下一代普适和无处不在的异构网络的关键。鉴于其巨大的体积，单位制造成本将在采用这些技术方面发挥关键作用。这些设备在其可用的计算能力和占用空间方面受到限制。然而，它们的加密单元往往是设备架构中要求最高的组件之一，需要加强对物理篡改的防护。该项目正在利用硬件异常进行加密。即使芯片制造不断进步并变得更加精确，人们也总是可以预料到生产线上的细微变化，这些变化可用于区分一个物理设备与同一生产线上制造的任何其他设备。沿着生产线。该团队正在开发模型，流程和硬件原语，以实现利用这些个人指纹的目标，以便它们可以用于有效地识别设备并实现安全，防篡改的通信。这一举措提供了低成本、防篡改的物理功能加密技术，从而在采用各种产品和应用方面发挥了促进作用，有利于国民经济和国家安全。该项目的成果包括新的物理不可克隆函数（PUF）构造，特别强调自然允许减少计算困难问题的构造，支持PUF的密码构建块（如安全有效的存储，篡改弹性状态机等）。和启用PUF的密码原语（例如，认证方案、分组密码、伪随机生成器）。

Low cost devices, e.g. RFIDs, smartcards, sensor nodes, etc., are becoming crucial for building the next generation pervasive and ubiquitous heterogeneous networks. Given the massive volume, the per-unit manufacturing cost will play a key role in the adoption of these technologies. These devices are constrained in their available computational power and footprint. Yet, their cryptographic units, which tend to be among the most demanding components in the device architecture, need to be hardened against physical tampering. The project is exploiting hardware anomalies for cryptographic ends. Even as chip manufacturing progresses and becomes more precise, one can always expect slight variations along the production line which can be used to distinguish one physical device from any other manufactured on the same production line. The team is developing models, processes and hardware primitives which contribute to the goal of exploiting these individual fingerprints so that they can be used to efficiently identify devices and enable secure, tamper-resilient communication. This initiative is providing low-cost, tamper-resilient cryptography from physical functions, and thereby plays an enabling role in the adoption of a wide array of products and applications to the benefit of the national economy and national security. The results of this project include new physically unclonable function (PUF) constructions with a particular emphasis on constructions which naturally permit reduction to computationally difficult problems, PUF-enabled cryptographic building blocks (such as secure and efficient storage, tamper-resilient state machines, etc.) and PUF-enabled cryptographic primitives (e.g. authentication schemes, block ciphers, pseudo-random generators).