Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Household Economic Organization and Commercialization in Postclassic Highland Chiapas

博士论文改进补助金：后经典高地恰帕斯州的家庭经济组织和商业化

• 批准号: 0836590
• 负责人: Marilyn Masson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-02-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0836590&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Household

Under the supervision of Dr. Marilyn A. Masson, Ms. Elizabeth Paris will investigate the participation of household producers in local, regional, and interregional trade networks at Postclassic period sites in the San Cristobal (Jovel) Valley of highland Chiapas. During the Postclassic period (A.D. 900-1500), interregional exchange networks expanded in several regions of Mesoamerica with an unprecedented increase in the volume and diversity of goods in circulation. At Moxviquil and La Hermita, two small Postclassic period hilltop sites in the Jovel Valley, amplified interregional connections may have provided agricultural and craft producers with new opportunities to gain economic wealth, if not social status, through the exchange of surplus goods. In response, elites likewise may have endeavored to restrict such opportunities, by banning, restricting, or monopolizing external exchanges, and taking advantage of tribute obligations to reap the benefits of surplus production by specialists. Excavations at elite and commoner household refuse disposal areas will identify the degree of autonomy of local producers from political control, and examine houselot variation in participation in local, regional, and interregional exchange networks. As economic networks expand within and across regions, they can have significant impacts on individual households and communities, presenting both new opportunities and challenges. This project will provide an archaeological test case for distinguishing two potential responses by these households and communities, as enacted through the exchange of household surplus production through tribute versus trade. If household products were exchanged through marketplaces, houselot assemblages would reflect greater affluence through the high volume and diversity of imported goods they obtained through trade. In contrast, if goods were transferred through the mechanism of heavy tribute, then the net effect should be a drain of wealth away from the household and traded imports should be poorly represented. Analyses will compare tools, waste materials, and facilities utilized in the production of ceramics, lithic tools, shell, cloth, animal products, amber, salt and metal items to those used and discarded through household daily activities. Ethnohistorical documents suggest that highland Chiapas was rich in natural resources such as amber, quetzal feathers, mountain lion pelts, jade, gold, salt, fish and game, and that these resources may have been important not only for subsistence and local exchange, but in long-distance trade with other areas of Mesoamerica. Through continued collaboration with the Museo Na Bolom in San Cristobal de las Casas, Ms. Paris and colleagues will make the results of the project available to both local audiences in San Cristobal, and internationally through the Museo Na Bolom and Institute of Mesoamerican Studies websites. Publications for the academic community will include a dissertation, peer-reviewed journal articles, and conference presentations. Project staff residence at the Museo Na Bolom during the field season will facilitate the creation of temporary displays during the field seasons in which visitors will be able to see recently excavated artifacts and ask questions of investigators. The project will also contribute to the professional development of graduate and undergraduate project staff through training in excavation methods and artifact analysis.

在Marilyn A. Masson，女士伊丽莎白巴黎将调查家庭生产者参与当地，区域和区域间的贸易网络在后古典时期的网站在圣克里斯托瓦尔（Jovel）高原恰帕斯山谷。在后古典时期（公元900-1500年），区域间交换网络在中美洲的几个地区扩大，流通商品的数量和多样性空前增加。在约韦尔山谷的两个后古典时期的小山顶遗址莫克斯维基尔和拉埃尔米塔，扩大的区域间联系可能为农业和手工艺生产者提供了新的机会，通过交换剩余货物来获得经济财富，如果不是社会地位的话。作为回应，精英们可能也不得不限制这种机会，禁止、限制或垄断对外交换，并利用贡赋义务从专家的剩余生产中获益。在精英和平民家庭垃圾处理区的调查将确定当地生产者的自治程度，从政治控制，并检查houselot变化参与当地，区域和区域间的交换网络。 随着经济网络在区域内和跨区域扩展，它们可能对单个家庭和社区产生重大影响，既带来新的机遇，也带来新的挑战。该项目将提供一个考古测试案例，以区分这些家庭和社区的两种潜在反应，即通过贡品与贸易交换家庭剩余产品。如果家庭产品是通过市场交换的，那么通过贸易获得的进口商品的数量和多样性，家庭成员的集合将反映出更大的富裕程度。相比之下，如果货物是通过重贡机制转移的，那么净效应应该是财富从家庭流失，贸易进口的代表性应该很低。分析将比较用于生产陶瓷、石器、贝壳、布料、动物产品、琥珀、盐和金属制品的工具、废料和设施，以及家庭日常活动中使用和丢弃的工具、废料和设施。民族历史文献表明，恰帕斯高地有丰富的自然资源，如琥珀、绿咬鹃羽毛、山狮毛皮、玉石、黄金、盐、鱼和野味，这些资源不仅对生存和当地交流很重要，而且对与中美洲其他地区的长途贸易也很重要。 通过继续与圣克里斯托瓦尔德拉斯卡萨斯的纳博洛姆博物馆合作，巴黎女士及其同事将向圣克里斯托瓦尔的当地受众以及通过纳博洛姆博物馆和中美洲研究所网站向国际受众提供该项目的成果。学术界的出版物将包括论文，同行评审的期刊文章和会议报告。项目工作人员在野外季节居住在纳博洛姆博物馆，将有助于在野外季节创造临时展览，游客将能够看到最近挖掘的文物，并向调查人员提出问题。该项目还将通过挖掘方法和人工制品分析方面的培训，促进研究生和本科生项目工作人员的专业发展。