CAREER: Integrating Research and Education to Apply High-Rate GPS Into Natural Hazards Reduction

职业：将研究和教育结合起来，将高速率 GPS 应用于减少自然灾害

• 批准号: 0842314
• 负责人: Guoquan Wang
• 金额: $ 46.84万
• 依托单位: University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0842314&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Integrating; Research; Education; Apply

Global Positioning System (GPS) has grown to become one of the principal tools applicable to many disciplines, including geography, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, civil engineering, surveying, and others. GPS with a low-sampling rate (e.g., 30 second per sample) has been used by geoscientists for more than two decades to study plate motions. The new aspect of this project is to study high-rate GPS (e.g., 1 sample per second or higher), which is critical to conduct real-time monitoring and early-warning of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides. This project will foster the integration of education and research through conducting independent research, improving current geosciences curriculum, supporting and mentoring undergraduate and graduate research, and promoting faculty expertise development. The research component of this project will focus on improving precision of real-time high-rate GPS and promoting its applications in natural hazards monitoring and early-warning, while the educational component will focus on implementing GPS into earth science education at college as well as pre-college levels. Both components are based on a high-rate GPS network funded by a NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program. The high-rate GPS network includes six permanent GPS stations and four campaign GPS stations located in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. These permanent GPS stations are colocated with seismic stations operated by the Puerto Rico Seismic Network and Strong Motion Program and closely-spaced with sea level tide gauge stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The integrated GPS-Seismic-TideGauge observation system has become a fundamental infrastructure for earthquake and tsunami research in Puerto Rico and its surrounding regions. The final goal of this project is to promote applications of real-time high-rate GPS in natural hazards reduction, and fuel our new generation (graduates, undergraduates, and K-12 students) with the cutting-edge GPS technology to prepare for a broad set of career paths. The specific objectives of the research are to (1) systematically evaluate the performance of high-rate (5-Hz, 10-Hz, or higher) GPS as a new seismometer, (2) develop new methods of improving precision of high-rate GPS, and (3) integrate real-time high-rate GPS into the earthquake monitoring and tsunami early-warning system operated by the Puerto Rico Seismic Network at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez. Real-time high-rate GPS technology is an integration of advanced GPS satellite, internet, real-time communication, solar power, computer, and visualization technologies. These new technologies will inspire students? interests in a spectrum of science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) disciplines, and attract more students to earth science majors, which will increase the diversity of earth science community. Education and outreach are the vital parts of this project. We will support two graduates, two undergraduates, and one high-school earth science teacher (in summer) each year. We will also develop a series of education and outreach activities related to the applications of GPS. They are expected to enhance public awareness of science and new technologies and increase the participation of underrepresented groups (Hispanics) in earth science research.

全球定位系统 (GPS) 已发展成为适用于许多学科的主要工具之一，包括地理学、地球科学、大气科学、环境科学、土木工程、测量等。二十多年来，地球科学家一直使用低采样率（例如每个样本 30 秒）的 GPS 来研究板块运动。该项目的新方面是研究高速率GPS（例如每秒1个样本或更高），这对于对地震、海啸和山体滑坡等自然灾害进行实时监测和预警至关重要。该项目将通过开展独立研究、改进现有地球科学课程、支持和指导本科生和研究生研究以及促进教师专业知识发展来促进教育和研究的融合。该项目的研究部分将侧重于提高实时高速GPS的精度并推广其在自然灾害监测和预警中的应用，而教育部分将侧重于将GPS应用于大学和大学预科阶段的地球科学教育。这两个组件均基于由 NSF 主要研究仪器 (MRI) 项目资助的高速 GPS 网络。高速率 GPS 网络包括位于波多黎各和美属维尔京群岛的 6 个永久 GPS 站和 4 个活动 GPS 站。这些永久性 GPS 站与波多黎各地震台网和强震动计划运营的地震站位于同一地点，并与国家海洋和大气管理局 (NOAA) 运营的海平面潮汐测量站紧密相连。 GPS-Seismic-TideGauge一体化观测系统已成为波多黎各及其周边地区地震和海啸研究的基础设施。该项目的最终目标是推广实时高速 GPS 在减少自然灾害方面的应用，并用尖端 GPS 技术为我们的新一代（研究生、本科生和 K-12 学生）提供动力，为广泛的职业道路做好准备。该研究的具体目标是（1）系统评估高速（5赫兹、10赫兹或更高）GPS作为新型地震仪的性能，（2）开发提高高速GPS精度的新方法，以及（3）将实时高速GPS集成到波多黎各大学波多黎各地震网络运行的地震监测和海啸预警系统中 里科-马亚格斯。实时高速率GPS技术是先进的GPS卫星、互联网、实时通信、太阳能、计算机和可视化技术的集成。这些新技术会给学生带来启发吗？对一系列科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 学科的兴趣，并吸引更多学生选择地球科学专业，这将增加地球科学界的多样性。教育和推广是该项目的重要组成部分。我们每年将支持两名研究生、两名本科生和一名高中地球科学教师（夏季）。我们还将开展一系列与GPS应用相关的教育和外展活动。预计它们将提高公众对科学和新技术的认识，并增加代表性不足的群体（西班牙裔）对地球科学研究的参与。