SGER: Deception as a Resource in Design to Support Interpersonal Awareness

无处不在的信息和通信技术正在对人们的社交和协作方式产生变革性影响。特别是，“虚拟组织”-跨越地域和机构界限的个人、设施和资源的集合体-是一系列环境中越来越常见的工作结构。然而，那些在虚拟组织中工作的人所面临的最重要的问题之一是，难以支持与同事进行计划外的非正式互动。与面对面的合作相比，这意味着意想不到的问题可能需要更长时间来解决，不确定性和误解可能持续更长时间，关系可能需要更长时间来发展。支持非正式互动需要提高人际意识，即能够快速自然地看到同事正在做什么以及他们是否有空交谈。到目前为止，设计和研究工作一般未能产生新的和广泛采用的技术，克服与次优的人际关系意识在虚拟组织中的问题。限制该领域进展的一个问题是许多感知和中断最小化技术中的隐含假设，以减少模糊性并提供关于他人的准确信息。然而，越来越多的证据表明，这种假设可能是站不住脚的。在通信中，人们经常利用某些媒体的模糊属性来保持对消息接收的合理否认，避免对抗，以及鼓励或阻止对查询的快速响应。关于提高认识技术，这种做法有时可被视为欺骗性的，因为可能故意向同事提供关于某人有空的虚假信息。这导致了以下研究问题：人们何时以及如何使用欺骗来管理与当前信息通信技术的人际意识？这些欺骗对他们的自我概念和与同事合作的能力有什么影响？大多数现有的工作在这一领域的目的是要么描述人们的欺骗使用，或消除欺骗提供更准确的信息。另一方面，该项目的长期目标是识别欺骗行为，并将其作为设计和实施改进的意识技术的资源。这个SGER使初步工作的新想法识别和使用欺骗热点的人际意识是第一个探索性的一个研究计划，可能会显着影响如何人际意识技术的考虑和设计，以及我们的理解欺骗在人际意识中的作用。其主要贡献是：1）系统地检查欺骗被用作现有意识技术的资源的条件，以及2）将欺骗概念化为技术如何支持人际意识的“麻烦点”的指标。更广泛的影响：这一项目的成果对于在我们的国家网络基础设施中提供必要的社会能力至关重要，这将使各种形式的地理分布的虚拟组织能够开展有效和变革性的工作。

Ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICT) are having transformative effects on the ways in which people socialize and collaborate. In particular, "virtual organizations" - aggregations of individuals, facilities and resources that span geographic and institutional boundaries - are an increasingly common work structure in a range of settings. One of the most important problems faced by those working in virtual organizations, however, is that unscheduled informal interaction with colleagues can be difficult to support. When compared with face-to-face collaborations, this means unanticipated problems can take longer to solve, uncertainties and misunderstandings can persist longer, and relationships may take longer to develop.Supporting informal interactions requires improved interpersonal awareness, that is, the ability to quickly and naturally see what colleagues are doing and whether or not they are available to talk. To date, design and research efforts have generally failed to produce novel and widely adopted technologies that overcome the problems associated with sub-optimal interpersonal awareness in virtual organizations. One problem limiting progress in the area is the implicit assumption in many awareness and interruption minimization technologies to reduce ambiguity and provide accurate information about others. There is increasing evidence, however, to suggest that such assumptions may not be valid. In communication, people frequently draw on the ambiguous properties of certain media to maintain plausible deniability about message receipt, avoid confrontation, as well as to encourage or discourage rapid response to a query. With regard to awareness technologies, such practices can sometimes be considered deceptive in that false information about one's availability may be deliberately provided to colleagues. This leads to the following research questions: When and how do people use deception to manage interpersonal awareness with current ICTs? What is the impact of these deceptions on their self-concept and their ability to work with colleagues?Most existing work in this area aims to either characterize people's use of deception, or eliminate deception by providing more accurate information. The long-term goal of this project, on the other hand, is to identify deception and to exploit it as a resource in designing and implementing improved awareness technologies. This SGER enables preliminary work on novel ideas about the identification and usage of deception hotspots in interpersonal awareness is the first exploratory step of a research program that could significantly impact how interpersonal awareness technologies are considered and designed, as well as our understanding of the role of deception in interpersonal awareness. Its primary contributions are: 1) a systematic examination of the conditions under which deception is used as a resource with existing awareness technologies, and 2) a conceptualization of deceptions as an indicator of a "trouble spot" in how a technology is supporting interpersonal awareness. Broader Impact: The results of this project will be critical to providing the necessary social capacities in our national cyberinfrastructure that will enable effective and transformative work in various forms of geographically distributed virtual organizations.