Collaborative Research: Lake Matano, Indonesia: A modern observatory of ancient ocean biogeochemistry

合作研究：印度尼西亚马塔诺湖：古代海洋生物地球化学的现代观测站

• 批准号: 0844301
• 负责人: David Fowle
• 金额: $ 10.23万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0844301&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Lake; Matano; Indonesia

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Archean and Proterozoic oceans have no known analogues in modern aquatic environments, and their biogeochemistry and microbiology remain enigmatic. Lake Matano's physical structure, abundance of Fe and dearth of sulfate mirror the stratified ferruginous conditions thought to prevail in these early oceans. Preliminary results indicate proliferation of anoxygenic photoferrotrophs, and support the significance of these organisms for the primary production in the early ocean. The active methane cycle in Lake Matano demonstrates that methanogenesis and methanotrophy could have also been important components of the Earth?s early marine C cycle. The methane cycle appears coupled to the iron cycle through anaerobic oxidation of methane with Fe(III) as an electron acceptor, a novel biogeochemical pathway. Given that the deep waters of Lake Matano may be the best available modern analogue for the anoxic, ferrugenous, and organic-poor early waters, investigators seek to further elucidate the extent, mechanisms and the microbial communities responsible for these processes. The specific objectives of this project are: 1) to generate high resolution profiles of the geochemistry of iron, methane, and organic carbon in the deep waters and sediments of Lake Matano using field and laboratory measurements; 2) to characterize the water column stratification, hydrodynamics, and the rates of physical substance transport using direct measurements and modeling; 3) characterize the community structure and biogeochemical reactions associated with the microbial communities in the lake and investigate their metabolisms in pure and mixed cultures; 4) simulate the biogeochemical cycling of iron, carbon, and methane in the lake using reaction-transport models and calculate the in-situ reaction rates. These results from Lake Matano, Indonesia, will provide the first glimpse at the microbial ecosystems that can develop in a stable, ferruginous aquatic environment. They can confirm the discoveries of two novel biogeochemical pathways. Broader Impacts: Phylogenetic data will place extant organisms into an evolutionary framework. Generated reactive transport models will be transferable to biogeochemical processes in other tropical stratified lakes. These models and ecology data will help examine biogeochemical processes in paleo-environments. Physical data will help understand mixing in weakly stratified deep lacustrine and marine environments. Additionally, a novel internationalized educational plan will bring faculty and students from the USA and Indonesia together in the field and in the laboratory.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法(公法111-5)资助的。太古宙和元古界海洋在现代水环境中没有已知的相似之处，它们的生物地球化学和微生物学仍然是谜。马塔诺湖的物理结构、丰富的铁和稀少的硫酸盐反映了这些早期海洋中普遍存在的分层铁质条件。初步结果表明，缺氧光养铁细菌大量繁殖，并支持这些生物对早期海洋初级生产力的重要意义。马塔诺湖活跃的甲烷循环表明，甲烷生成和甲烷营养也可能是地球-S早期海洋碳循环的重要组成部分。甲烷循环通过以Fe(III)为电子受体的甲烷厌氧氧化与铁循环相耦合，这是一种新的生物地球化学途径。考虑到马塔诺湖的深水可能是缺氧、含铁和有机贫乏的早期水域最好的现代模拟水域，研究人员试图进一步阐明这些过程的范围、机制和微生物群落。该项目的具体目标是：1)利用野外和实验室测量，生成马塔诺湖深水和沉积物中铁、甲烷和有机碳的高分辨率地球化学剖面；2)使用直接测量和建模来表征水柱分层、水动力学和物理物质传输速率；3)表征与湖泊微生物群落相关的群落结构和生物地球化学反应，并调查它们在纯和混合培养中的代谢；4)使用反应-运输模型模拟湖泊中铁、碳和甲烷的生物地球化学循环，并计算原位反应速率。来自印度尼西亚马塔诺湖的这些结果将首次让人们得以一窥在稳定、含铁的水环境中可以发展的微生物生态系统。他们可以证实两条新的生物地球化学途径的发现。更广泛的影响：系统发育数据将把现存的生物纳入进化框架。生成的反应输运模型将可用于其他热带层状湖泊的生物地球化学过程。这些模型和生态学数据将有助于研究古环境中的生物地球化学过程。物理数据将有助于理解弱分层深湖和海洋环境中的混合。此外，一项新颖的国际化教育计划将把来自美国和印度尼西亚的教职员工和学生聚集在实地和实验室。