SGER: Integrating Distributed Energy Resources into Electricity Markets

该项目的目标是通过制定一种定价机制来推动电力系统向分布式公用事业架构的演变，该机制将证明分布式能源在满足日益增长的电力需求方面的有效性，同时减少温室气体的产生并保持系统的可靠性。该研究项目将利用频率下降和自身价格弹性的概念来开发和演示市场信号，以创建“价格下降”信号。使用这一信号的模拟将展示分布式能源资源参与电力市场的能力，这些资源被组织成微电网，并作为一个统一的实体进行协调。该项目将通过计算机模拟来演示开环、多智能体价格下降信号。智力优势：该项目增进了电力工程和经济理论领域的知识和理解。这项研究的贡献将是：(I)扩展微电网的概念和设计，以包括主动需求响应技术；(Ii)开发新的价格下降信号，允许微电网内的客户和供应商参与当地和高电压水平的电力市场；以及(Iii)展示分布式能源帮助减少电力系统整体温室气体排放的能力。更广泛的影响：该研究项目将通过展示分布式能源(包括可再生能源和需求响应)在满足清洁和可靠电力需求方面的有效性，促进微电网的更多使用。该项目的总部设在史密斯学院，这是一所女子本科院校，学生群体在经济上多样化，该项目将让少数族裔参与到教育和研究活动的方方面面--该研究项目旨在方便本科生参与，但也具有挑战性。此外，PI将在史密斯学院校区学校开发和试点关于可再生能源和客户需求响应的课程模块，这是一所位于史密斯学院附近的K-6实验学校，与工程项目有很强的联系。

The objective of the project is to advance the evolution of the electric power system to a distributed utility architecture by developing a pricing mechanism that will demonstrate the effectiveness of distributed energy resources in meeting the growing demand for electricity while decreasing the production of greenhouse gases and maintaining system reliability. The research project will develop and demonstrate a market signal drawing upon the concepts of frequency droop and own price elasticity in order to create a "price droop" signal. Simulations using this signal will demonstrate the ability of distributed energy resources, organized into microgrids and coordinated to act as a unified entity, to participate in electricity markets. The project will demonstrate the open-loop, multi-agent price droop signal through computer simulations. Intellectual Merit: The project advances the knowledge and understanding in the area of power engineering and economic theory. The contribution of this research will be (i) to expand the concept and design of a microgrid to include active demand response technologies, (ii) to develop the new price droop signal that allows customers and suppliers within a microgrid to participate in electricity markets, both locally and at the high voltage level, and (iii) to demonstrate the ability of distributed energy resources to help reduce overall power system greenhouse gas production. Broader Impacts: The research project will promote the increased use of microgrids by demonstrating the effectiveness of distributed energy resources (including renewable energy and demand response) in meeting the demand for clean and reliable electricity. Being based at Smith College, a women's undergraduate institution with an economically diverse student body, the project will involve underrepresented minorities in all aspects of the educational and research activities - the research project is designed to be accessible, yet also challenging, for participation by undergraduate students. In addition, the PI will develop and pilot course modules on renewable energy and customer demand response at the Smith College Campus School, an experimental K-6 school, located adjacent to Smith College, with strong ties to the engineering program.