Collaborative Research: Determining the role of insolation in the mechanical breakdown of rock
合作研究:确定日照在岩石机械破坏中的作用
基本信息
- 批准号:0844335
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 14.25万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2009-03-15 至 2015-02-28
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The role of the sun in fracturing rocks has been debated by geomorphologists and soil scientists for over 100 years without resolution. Recent work indicates that diurnal heating and cooling are largely responsible for crack initiation in exposed rocks. The majority of cracks in exposed boulders in both deserts and more humid climates have preferential orientations centered on north-south, independent of rock fabric and shape. Such a ubiquitous preferential orientation is difficult to explain by any other mechanism other than directional solar heating. Cracks caused by freeze-thaw or salt shattering, for example, should exhibit random orientations. This project will examine and quantify the fundamental physics and environmental conditions required for cracks to form in rocks due to recurrent exposure to the sun. Methods include: 1) instrumenting a boulder to measure surface strain and surface temperature, and to monitor acoustic emission (cracking) events; 2) collecting field data of rock fractures in desert and temperate sites; and 3) using the field measurements and observations to model the process of crack growth with state-of-the-art numerical techniques. The project will involve several undergraduate students in the field data and analysis to provide a frim foundation for learning principles of scientific research.Physical weathering is the mechanical breakdown of rocks and bedrock into smaller particles. It plays an elemental role in the rock cycle, through the breakdown of rock into sediment and through the subsequent increased exposure of rock surfaces to chemical weathering. Physical weathering also dictates the production of sediment on hillslopes and the formation of desert pavements. Physical weathering has also been linked by many workers to global phenomena such as atmospheric dust production, carbon cycling, and climate change. In addition, the physical degradation of natural and man-made materials has a direct and persistent impact on human civilization; phenomena ranging from rock fall to the deterioration of concrete bridges and archaeological treasures continuously cost humans lives, dollars and time. Despite its broad and significant role in surficial processes and societal infrastructure of our planet, however, there has been a critical gap in our understanding of physical weathering. The mechanical weathering of rock proceeds by a complicated suite of surface processes, all of which depend in some way on the creation of cracks and the exposure of fresh mineral surfaces. Surface crack initiation and propagation will determinethe pace for subsequent fracture and transport of rock debris in numerous environments. This research will build a foundation for significant gains in documenting the role of physical weathering in shaping Earth's landscapes.
100多年来,地貌学家和土壤学家一直在争论太阳在岩石破裂中的作用,但一直没有解决问题。最近的研究表明,在裸露的岩石中,昼夜加热和降温在很大程度上导致了裂缝的萌生。在沙漠和更潮湿的气候中,裸露的巨石中的大多数裂缝具有以南北为中心的优先方向,与岩石组构和形状无关。这种无处不在的择优取向很难用定向太阳加热以外的任何其他机制来解释。例如,冻融或盐碎造成的裂缝应该表现出随机的方向。这个项目将检查和量化由于反复暴露在太阳下而在岩石中形成裂缝所需的基本物理和环境条件。方法包括:1)测量巨石的表面应变和表面温度,并监测声发射(破裂)事件;2)收集沙漠和温带地区岩石裂隙的现场数据;3)利用现场测量和观测,利用最先进的数值技术模拟裂纹扩展过程。该项目将有几名本科生参与现场数据和分析,为学习科学研究原理提供坚实的基础。物理风化是指岩石和基岩被机械分解成更小的颗粒。它在岩石循环中扮演着基本的角色,通过将岩石分解成沉积物,以及随后增加岩石表面对化学风化的暴露。物理风化也决定了山坡上沉积物的产生和沙漠路面的形成。物理风化也被许多工作者与全球现象联系在一起,如大气粉尘产生、碳循环和气候变化。此外,天然和人造材料的物理退化对人类文明产生了直接和持久的影响;从岩石坠落到混凝土桥梁和考古珍宝的退化等现象不断地耗费人类的生命、金钱和时间。然而,尽管它在地球表面过程和社会基础设施中发挥着广泛而重要的作用,但我们对物理风化的理解存在着严重的差距。岩石的机械风化是通过一系列复杂的表面过程进行的,所有这些过程在某种程度上都依赖于裂缝的产生和新矿物表面的暴露。表面裂纹的萌生和扩展将决定许多环境中岩石碎屑随后破裂和运输的速度。这项研究将为在记录物理风化在塑造地球景观中的作用方面取得重大进展奠定基础。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Martha Eppes其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Martha Eppes', 18)}}的其他基金
GSA Penrose Conference: PRF2022 Progressive Failure of Brittle Rocks; Western North Carolina; June 2022
GSA 彭罗斯会议:PRF2022 脆性岩石的渐进破坏;
- 批准号:
2134366 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 14.25万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
NSF-BSF: Quantifying climate-dependent subcritical cracking and mechanical weathering over geologic time
NSF-BSF:量化地质时期气候相关的亚临界裂纹和机械风化
- 批准号:
1839148 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 14.25万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Landscape Evolution in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Erosion Rates and Real-time Monitoring of Rock Breakdown in a Hyperarid, Subzero Environment
合作研究:麦克默多干谷的景观演变:超干旱、零度以下环境中的侵蚀率和岩石破碎的实时监测
- 批准号:
1744864 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 14.25万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
SGER: Preliminary Instrumentation Study of Rates and Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Mechanical Weathering
SGER:裂纹萌生和机械风化速率和机制的初步仪器研究
- 批准号:
0705277 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 14.25万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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