CAREER: Spatial Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Function in an Urban Landscape: An Integrated Research, Teaching, and Community Engagement Program

职业：城市景观中的空间异质性和生态系统功能：综合研究、教学和社区参与项目

• 批准号: 0844778
• 负责人: Mary Cadenasso
• 金额: $ 57.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-15 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0844778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Spatial; Heterogeneity; Ecosystem; Function

Urban areas are dominated by three physical features: 1) buildings, 2) surfaces, such as pavement and bare soil, and 3) vegetation. The amount and arrangement of these features on the urban landscape may influence a city?s capacity to retain surface storm water and dissipate heat. These capacities are important because cities are frequently prone to flash flooding and extreme heat. High temperatures exacerbate ground level ozone formation, an air quality concern, and lead to high water and energy use. The urban landscape is characterized by complex combinations of these features, which change over very short distances. Understanding how land cover determines the capacity to retain surface water and dissipate heat is difficult because current methods to describe urban land cover focus on how the land is used, such as for residential or commercial purposes, and do not recognize the variation in physical features that may exist within these different use categories. This research will apply a new descriptor of land cover to Sacramento, California, that captures variation in the physical features and will test whether this new land cover methodology improves understanding of the link between physical features and water retention and heat dissipation. Stream discharge will be quantified in 5 small city catchments that drain areas of contrasting variation. Fine scale measurements of land surface temperature will be derived from satellite data. Flooding and heat exposure in urban areas put human, as well as animal and plant populations at risk. Results from this research will inform design and management decisions in urban systems to reduce these risks. New undergraduate courses and research opportunities to expose students to the highly interdisciplinary, and rapidly changing, field of urban ecology will be developed.

城市地区主要由三个物理特征：1）建筑物，2）表面，如人行道和裸露的土壤，3）植被。 这些特征在城市景观中的数量和布局可能会影响一个城市？的能力，以保持表面雨水和散热。这些能力很重要，因为城市经常容易发生山洪暴发和极端高温。 高温加剧了地面臭氧的形成，这是一个空气质量问题，并导致水和能源的大量使用。 城市景观的特点是这些特征的复杂组合，在很短的距离内发生变化。 了解土地覆被如何决定保留地表水和散热的能力是困难的，因为目前描述城市土地覆被的方法侧重于土地的使用方式，如住宅或商业用途，而没有认识到这些不同用途类别中可能存在的物理特征的变化。 这项研究将适用于一个新的描述土地覆盖萨克拉门托，加州，捕捉变化的物理特征，并将测试是否这种新的土地覆盖方法提高物理特征和保水和散热之间的联系的理解。 河流流量将在5个小城市集水区进行量化，这些集水区的排水面积存在差异。 将从卫星数据中得出陆地表面温度的精细尺度测量值。城市地区的洪水和高温暴露使人类以及动植物种群处于危险之中。 这项研究的结果将为城市系统的设计和管理决策提供信息，以减少这些风险。 将开发新的本科课程和研究机会，使学生接触到高度跨学科和快速变化的城市生态学领域。