CAREER: Cloud and Fog Processing of Organic Matter

这个奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助的。这个项目将调查云/雾系统中有机物的命运。首先，将根据云的液态水含量和/或水溶性有机碳分数等简单可测量的量来确定雾和云对颗粒有机物的清除效率并将其参数化。第二，将进行产物和动力学研究，以评估液滴内的反应可能导致二次有机气溶胶物质的形成。第三，将研究选定的有机物种，即亚硝胺的均相水相化学。它们可以在夜间形成云层。白天，它们会被云层的光解作用消除。形成和破坏动力学都将在实验室实验中进行研究。关于苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)和亚硝胺的结果将根据现场实验进行评估。这包括云系中目标物种的划分，以及母体和子体物种的浓度。实地工作的结果将用于指导实验室实验，并确定数据中的任何差距。最后，该项目将涉及多个常规的云量测点，并在美国各地的各种环境中进行密集的短期实地研究。该项目将通过教育课程模块向K-12学生传授云的形成及其在水循环中的作用、它们对空气污染的影响以及它们在气候过程中的作用。这将以适合适当年龄的课堂演示为特色。亚利桑那州立大学(ASU)研究生研究助理和首席研究员将与亚利桑那州立大学的Science is Fun计划合作创建这些模块。该计划是一个完善的计划，向亚利桑那州成千上万的儿童传播关于广泛主题的教学模块。网络界面将允许学生和普通公众查看我们的现场实验的最新状态，包括网络摄像机的实时图像、云事件的电影、化学成分数据。此外，本科大学机构将是实现该项目科学目标的关键参与者。大多数常规的环境采样将依赖于不同地点的非博士授予机构的合作。来自这些机构的学生和教职员工将是通过实地采样云层样本成功完成研究目标的关键。这些本科生将被亚利桑那州立大学招待，通过实习参与样本分析。同样的选择将提供给亚利桑那州立大学的本科生，特别关注通过少数族裔外展计划招募人才。研究和外展活动的结果将有利于国际环境化学的课堂教学：研究生积极参与研究和外展将有助于培养下一代教师-科学家。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This project will investigate the fate of organic matter in a cloud/fog system. First, scavenging efficiencies of particulate organic matter by fogs and clouds will be determined and parameterized based on simple measurable quantities like cloud liquid water content and/or water soluble organic carbon fraction. Second, product and kinetic studies will be conducted to evaluate the potential for reactions within droplets that lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol matter. Third, the homogeneous aqueous phase chemistry of selected organic species, namely, nitrosamines will be investigated. These can form in clouds during the nighttime. During the day, they are eliminated by cloud photolysis. Both formation and destruction kinetics will be studied in laboratory experiments. The results on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and nitrosamines will be evaluated against field experiments. This includes the partitioning of the target species in the cloud system, as well as, the concentrations of parent and daughter species. Results of the field work will be used to guide laboratory experiments, and identify any gaps in data. Finally, the project will involve multiple, routine cloud measurement sites complemented by intensive, short-term field studies in a variety of environments throughout the United States.This project will reach out to K-12 students through educational class modules that teach about the formation of clouds and their role in the water cycle, their impact on air pollution and their role in climate processes. This will feature classroom demonstrations adapted to for the appropriate ages. Arizona State University (ASU) graduate research assistants and the Principal Investigator will create these modules in cooperation with the Science is Fun program at ASU. This program is a well established program that disseminates instructional modules on a broad range of topics to thousands of children throughout Arizona. A web-interface will allow students and the general public to check on the latest status of our field experiments including real time images from web cameras, movies of cloud events, chemical composition data. Furthermore, undergraduate university institutions will be critical participants in achieving this project's scientific goals. Most of the routine environmental sampling will rely on the cooperation of non-PhD granting institutions at different locales. Students and faculty from these institutions will be crucial to the successful completion of the research goals through field sampling of cloud samples. These undergraduate students will be hosted at ASU to participate in sample analysis through internships. The same options will be made available to ASU undergraduate students, with particular attention given to recruiting through minority outreach programs. Results from the research and outreach activities will benefit the PI's classroom instruction in environmental chemistry: the active involvement of the graduate students in both research and outreach will help train the next generation of teacher-scientists.