Unexamined Consequences: Analyzing the Impact of Early Exposure to Proprietary Science on Careers and Knowledge Production

未经检验的后果：分析早期接触专有科学对职业和知识生产的影响

• 批准号: 0849036
• 负责人: Jeannette Colyvas
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0849036&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Unexamined; Consequences; Analyzing; Impact; Early

This project jointly funded by the Science, Technology & Society; Biology and Society; Mathematical and Physical Sciences and Society, and Research and Evaluation on Education in Science and Engineering programs addresses the impact of early exposure to commercial activity on careers in the physical and life sciences. The spread of commercial activity among university faculty is now widely accepted, and even encouraged on some campuses. But should such activity extend to graduate students? Moreover, what is the effect on graduate students of early career exposure to commercial involvement by their mentors -- does it shape their career choice or the focus of their science? This project addresses the less examined area of graduate students and the effects of exposure to commerce on careers and research programs. A core argument is that exposure to commercial science influences career choices, which in turn shapes the content of post-graduate research programs, the distribution of talent, and the trajectory of science.This project takes a novel approach by blending empirical and qualitative analysis with agent-based simulations to analyze the impact of commercial science on academic careers and scientific production. The study covers 35 years of graduates and the faculty who trained them in the physical and life sciences from Stanford University and then draws on these findings to develop predictive models. Specifically, the project addresses: how different forms of exposure to commercial science during graduate training influence careers and shape research programs; how the form and content of science differs depending on employment setting and relative to the laboratories where a scientist trained; and what the potential consequences are for the distribution of talent and the trajectory of science.

该项目由科学、技术与社会共同资助；生物学与社会；数学和物理科学与社会，以及科学与工程教育研究与评估课程解决了早期接触商业活动对物理和生命科学职业的影响。 商业活动在大学教师中的传播现已被广泛接受，甚至在一些校园受到鼓励。但这样的活动应该扩展到研究生吗？此外，早期职业生涯中导师参与商业活动对研究生有什么影响——这是否会影响他们的职业选择或他们的科学重点？该项目涉及研究生较少受到研究的领域以及接触商业对职业和研究项目的影响。一个核心论点是，接触商业科学会影响职业选择，进而影响研究生研究项目的内容、人才分布和科学发展轨迹。该项目采用了一种新颖的方法，将实证分析和定性分析与基于主体的模拟相结合，分析商业科学对学术职业和科学生产的影响。该研究涵盖了斯坦福大学 35 年的毕业生以及对他们进行物理和生命科学培训的教师，然后利用这些发现开发预测模型。具体来说，该项目涉及：在研究生培训期间接触商业科学的不同形式如何影响职业和塑造研究项目；科学的形式和内容如何根据​​就业环境以及相对于科学家接受培训的实验室而有所不同；以及这对人才分布和科学发展轨迹有何潜在影响。