SGER: Biomixing - a controversial mechanism influencing dynamics of marine ecosystems?

SGER：生物混合——一种影响海洋生态系统动态的有争议的机制？

• 批准号: 0849308
• 负责人: Michael Dawson
• 金额: $ 7.54万
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0849308&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Biomixing; controversial; mechanism; influencing

The investigators will study the phenomenon of "biomixing" - the process by which the movement of organisms cause the mixing of the water column - by bring together two novel approaches - a developing technology, Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA), and a developing study system (marine lakes). Typical instrumentation that study particle velocity and turbulence at small scales - digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) - are typically limited by large size, physical connections to the surface, and inability to actively track moving animals. SCUVA is a less cumbersome, autonomous, portable DPIV equipment able to quantify the flow field surrounding individual animals in real-time. Using SCUVA, it is possible to measure aquatic animal-fluid interactions from 0.002 m to 0.25 m size and thus to integrate turbulence created by individual animals or swarms of medusae with mesoscale eddy mixing of the entire water-column measured synchronously with established Acoustic Doppler Current meter Profiler technology. Marine lakes are bodies of seawater entirely surrounded by land. They are easily accessible, small-to-medium sized ecosystems that can be studied comprehensively on a modest scale and budget. Lakes with tidal exchange limited to discrete submarine tunnels also contain billions of copepods and tens of millions of fist-to-plate sized jellyfish. Thus tidal mixing, biomixing (by micro- and macro-zooplankton), and wind-mixing can each be quantified, and marine lakes may provide simpler microcosms of more widespread, complex systems. The investigators will quantify the relative impact of physical and biological mixing by swarms of medusae using the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM). Broader impacts: The project will contribute to increased diversity in the oceanography by continuing training of a female Palauan research assistant in marine science, and facilitating the research of two female graduate students. The simulation using GOTM will be employed by resource managers in Palau to explore possible impacts of changing climate, mediated directly by weather or indirectly by jellyfish population dynamics, on the "Jellyfish Lake" ecosystem which is an important biodiversity and economic resource in Palau. The GOTM model will be adaptable to explore diverse coastal situations, promoting thorough exploration of the potential of biomixing in the ocean.

研究人员将研究“生物混合”现象-生物体的运动导致水柱混合的过程-通过将两种新方法结合在一起-一种发展中的技术，自给式水下流速仪（SCUVA）和一种发展中的研究系统（海洋湖泊）。在小尺度上研究粒子速度和湍流的典型仪器-数字粒子图像测速仪（DPIV）-通常受到大尺寸，与表面的物理连接以及无法主动跟踪移动动物的限制。SCUVA是一种不那么笨重、自主、便携式DPIV设备，能够实时量化单个动物周围的流场。使用SCUVA，可以测量0.002米至0.25米大小的水生动物-流体相互作用，从而将单个动物或水母群产生的湍流与用现有声学多普勒流速仪Profiler技术同步测量的整个水柱的中尺度涡流混合相结合。海洋湖泊是完全被陆地包围的海水水体。它们是容易获得的中小型生态系统，可以在适度的规模和预算下进行全面研究。潮汐交换仅限于离散海底隧道的湖泊也包含数十亿桡足类动物和数千万拳头大小的水母。因此，潮汐混合、生物混合（通过微型和大型浮游动物）和风的混合都可以量化，海洋湖泊可以提供更广泛、更复杂系统的更简单的缩影。研究人员将使用通用海洋湍流模型（GOTM）量化水母群物理和生物混合的相对影响。更广泛的影响：该项目将继续培训一名帕劳女研究助理从事海洋科学工作，并为两名女研究生的研究提供便利，从而有助于增加海洋学的多样性。帕劳的资源管理人员将采用GOTM模拟技术，探讨气候变化对“水母湖”生态系统可能产生的影响，这种影响是由天气直接或由水母种群动态间接介导的，水母湖是帕劳重要的生物多样性和经济资源。GOTM模型将适用于探索不同的沿海情况，促进对海洋生物混合潜力的彻底探索。