Collapse of the Submarine South Flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Constraints from GPS-Acoustic Data

夏威夷基拉韦厄火山南侧潜艇的塌陷：来自 GPS 声学数据的限制

• 批准号: 0850875
• 负责人: C. David Chadwell
• 金额: $ 9.21万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0850875&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collapse; Submarine; South; Flank; Kilauea

Collapse of the flanks of ocean island volcanoes poses several significant hazards, including earthquakes and tsunamis. The south flank of Kilauea is a currently active volcanic collapse feature. There is evidence that Kilauea's south flank is rapidly moving seaward, with attendant risk of large earthquakes and/or tsunami. In addition to the obvious need to understand and monitor this potential hazard, Kilauea is a natural laboratory for studying the mechanics of the collapse process. The emerging model of the process at Kilauea is constrained by onshore GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements, offshore seismic profiles and vertical deformation of the seafloor measured by GPS-Acoustic methods. However, horizontal motions are not well constrained. This project will provide additional constraints by using new methods to estimate horizontal motions using GPS-Acoustic data collected in previous years. New processing approaches are expected yield horizontal resolutions of 0.7 to 2.2 cm/yr. Well resolved horizontal displacements will be used to test and refine models of the collapse process. In terms of broader impacts this work has obvious implications and application to the significant risks that arise from the instability of this flank of Kilauea and similar sites elsewhere. Improving GPS-Acoustic methods will also contribute the broader impacts of this work, as will training a young scientist.

海洋岛屿火山侧翼的崩塌构成了几个重大的危险，包括地震和海啸。基拉韦厄的南侧是一个目前活跃的火山崩塌特征。有证据表明，基拉韦厄火山的南侧正在迅速向海移动，随之而来的是大地震和/或海啸的风险。除了了解和监测这种潜在危险的明显需要外，基拉韦厄火山还是研究崩塌过程力学的天然实验室。基拉韦厄火山过程的新模型受到陆上GPS（全球定位系统）测量、海上地震剖面和GPS-声学方法测量的海底垂直变形的限制。然而，水平运动没有得到很好的约束。该项目将使用新的方法，利用前几年收集的gps -声学数据来估计水平运动，从而提供额外的限制。新的处理方法有望产生0.7至2.2厘米/年的水平分辨率。解决水平位移将用于测试和完善模型的崩溃过程。就更广泛的影响而言，这项工作对基拉韦厄火山侧翼和其他类似地点的不稳定所产生的重大风险具有明显的影响和应用。改进gps -声学方法也将有助于这项工作产生更广泛的影响，培养一名年轻的科学家也是如此。