ELAPS: Embodied Latency Adaptation and the Perception of Simultaneity

人脑不断地补偿感觉之间、动作和知觉之间的延迟。先前的项目“ELAPS：具身潜伏期适应和同时性感知”研究了视觉运动延迟补偿机制的可塑性。这是一个与设计和使用数字接口（例如，虚拟现实，远程操作）非常相关的主题，其中反馈延迟通常是不可避免的。项目结果表明，在适当的情况下，人类可以调整自己的运动行为和时间感知，以适应额外的反馈延迟（亚秒范围），例如，可预测的任务环境。延续提案“弹性：代理，空间，时间和因果关系中的隐含延迟”通过有针对性的额外实验扩展了这些结果，以更好地理解潜在机制。这项工作将进一步关注视觉反馈延迟背景下的代理（自我发起行动）概念。项目ELAPS的结果表明，一方面，代理是延迟适应和处理的关键因素。另一方面，感觉运动时间决定了代理感（例如，一个动作必须发生在一个感觉事件之前，人类才能感知到因果关系）。ELASTiC项目将通过不同的人类行为实验来研究机构和视觉运动计时之间的相互依赖关系。(1)封闭感觉-运动回路中的运动控制实验。首先，将使用简单可控的运动任务（手动跟踪）研究延迟适应和处理的基本组成部分。其次，自由移动参与者的延迟适应实验为这项工作提供了更生态有效的补充。在这项研究中，参与者佩戴便携式虚拟现实眼镜。这项工作测试了延迟适应的泛化，如：如果参与者适应手部运动的视觉延迟，这种学习是否会转移到控制具有反馈延迟的全身运动？(2)感知实验采用多感官心理物理学方法研究了时间和代理感知的变化。人类感知判断（例如，对感知机构或时间顺序）被记录并描述为连续变化的物理变量（例如，视觉运动潜伏期）的函数，以便提取表征感知世界的参数。特别是这两种方法（运动控制中的感知学习和主动代理感知）之间的接口将增加我们对涉及动作和感知的可塑性神经过程的理解。这些结果的理论框架（多感觉整合，控制理论）使项目结果适用于工程应用（例如，界面设计，人机交互）甚至医学应用（例如，精神分裂症患者代理感的中断）。

The human brain continually compensates for latencies between the senses and between action and perception. The previous project "ELAPS: Embodied Latency Adaptation and the Perception of Simultaneity" investigated the plasticity of visuomotor delay compensation mechanisms. This is a topic of great relevance for the design and use of digital interfaces (e.g., virtual reality, remote manipulation), where feedback delays are often inevitable. The project results show that humans adapt their motor behavior and time perception to additional feedback delays (sub-second range) given the right circumstances, e.g., a predictable task environment.The continuation proposal "ELASTiC: Embodied Latencies in Agency, Space, Time and Causation" extends these results with targeted additional experiments for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This work will pay additional attention to the concept of agency (self-initiated action) in the context of visual feedback latencies. The results from the project ELAPS show, on the one hand, that agency is a key factor in delay adaptation and processing. On the other hand, sensorimotor timing determines the sense of agency (e.g., an action has to happen before a sensory event for humans to perceive a causal link). The project ELASTiC will investigate these interdependencies between agency and visuomotor timing using different strands of experiments on human behavior. (1) Experiments on motor control in the closed sensorimotor loop.Firstly, simple and controlled motor tasks (manual tracking) will be used to study the basic components of latency adaptation and processing. Secondly, experiments on delay adaptation in freely moving participants provide a more ecologically valid complement to this work. For this research, participants wear a portable virtual reality glasses. This work tests for generalization of delay adaptation, such as: If participants adapt to a visual delay on hand movements, will this learning transfer to the control of whole body movements with feedback delays?(2) Experiments on perceptionChanges in time and agency perception are studied using a multisensory psychophysics approach. Human perceptual judgments (e.g., on sensed agency or temporal order) are recorded and described as a function of a continuously varied physical variable (e.g., visuomotor latencies), in order to extract parameters that characterize the perceptual world.Especially the interface between these two approaches (perceptual learning in motor control; active agency perception) will increase our understanding of the plastic neural processes involved in action and perception. The theoretical framework of these results (multisensory integration, control theory) makes the project results suitable for engineering applications (e.g., interface design, human-machine-interaction) or even in medicine (e.g., disruptions of the sense of agency in schizophrenic patients).