Neutrinos and New Particles in High Energy Physics and Astrophysics

高能物理和粒子天体物理是非常动态的领域，新的数据揭示了通过中微子振荡、暗物质和暗能量超越标准模型的物理证据。这个项目的目的是推动对标准模型以外的物理学这些方面的理论理解，并通过考虑新的分析框架和探索不同现象之间的新联系，最大限度地增加从实验数据中获得的信息量。高能物理学的一项重大努力致力于扩大过去十年积累的中微子振荡的证据。作为这项工作的一部分，PI计划致力于优化下一代中微子实验，并开发一个更好的框架来理解实验数据及其对理论模型的影响。理论模型的建立强调了中微子物理、对撞机物理、天体物理和宇宙学中不同可观测到的含义之间的联系。正确地解释现有数据和测试潜在的物理是极其重要的，将在该项目的MiniBooNE实验的背景下加以解决。该项目还提出了对现有数据以及即将进行的实验数据的新用途。特别是，这些计划讨论了冰立方深核阵列如何也可以用于详细研究大气中微子振荡。冰立方深核阵列将观测来自银河系中心区域的中微子和来自暗物质湮灭的中微子。另一个研究方向是讨论来自天体物理来源的高能中微子。这种中微子的观测可能会对高能物理和天体物理学产生深远的影响。提出了对可能的高能中微子信号及其解释的探索，强调了中微子通量的气味成分的重要性。更广泛的影响如下：高能物理、天体物理和宇宙学及其试图解决的问题非常令人兴奋，并吸引了更多公众的兴趣，提供了极好的外展机会。宾夕法尼亚州立大学和宾夕法尼亚州空间赠款联盟(PASGC)协调每年一次的针对中学教师的教育工作者暑期科学讲习班。在过去的两年里，PI帮助发展了这样一个粒子天体物理学研讨会。今后，国际和平协会打算继续举办这种暑期学校。利用从参与者那里收到的反馈，PI计划改进教育材料并开发新的互动活动。

High-energy physics and particle astrophysics are very dynamical fields, with new data revealing evidence of physics beyond the standard model through neutrino oscillations, dark matter and dark energy. This project is aimed at advancing the theoretical understanding of such aspects of physics beyond the standard model and at maximizing the amount of information that can be obtained from the experimental data by considering new analysis frameworks and exploring new connections between different phenomena. A significant effort in high energy physics is dedicated to extending the evidence for neutrino oscillations that has accumulated over the past decade. As part of this effort, the PI plans to work on optimizing the next generation of neutrino experiments and developing a better framework for understanding the experimental data and its implications for theoretical models. Theoretical model building is addressed by emphasizing connections between implications for different observables in neutrino physics, collider physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Correctly interpreting available data and testing the underlying physics is extremely important and will be addressed in the project in the context of the MiniBooNE experiment. The project also proposes novel uses of already existing data as well as of data from upcoming experiments. In particular, the plans discuss how the Ice Cube Deep Core array, which will observe neutrinos from the galactic center region and neutrinos from dark matter annihilation, can also be used for detailed studies of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Another research direction discusses high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. The observation of such neutrinos could have profound implications for both high-energy physics and astrophysics. An exploration of possible high-energy neutrino signals and their interpretation is proposed, emphasizing the importance of flavor composition of the neutrino fluxes.The broader impacts are as follows: High energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology and the questions they are trying to address are very exciting and capture the interest of a larger public, providing excellent outreach opportunities. Penn State University and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium (PASGC) coordinate an annual series of summer Science Workshops for Educators aimed at secondary school teachers. In the past two years the PI has helped develop such a workshop in particle astrophysics. For the future the PI intends to continue organizing such summer schools. Using the feedback received from participants, the PI plans to improve the educational material and develop new interactive activities.