HCC: Medium: Collaborative Research: The Social Medium is the Message

“这项奖励是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。”在这个项目中，pi将研究在人类高度依赖作为外部世界媒介的机器人的情况下的人机交互，例如紧急响应、人质谈判和医疗保健。在这些领域，人类“依赖者”通常通过机器人代理与多个其他人类“控制者”（医学专家、结构工程师、救援行动官员等）长时间连接。文献表明，在这种情况下，被依赖者会对机器人做出社会性的反应，并且会变得不信任，并且会因为机器人对不同的控制器呈现不同的影响而不是一致的沟通策略而认知混乱。pi认为，这样的机器人将在计算机作为社会行动者（CASA）模型中占据一个新的“社会媒介”地位，并将被视为一个忠诚和有帮助的中间人，他是被依赖者的倡导者，而不是作为完成控制器目标的设备。为了探索这一假设，pi将利用幸存者伙伴，这是一个机器人的多媒体附件，它允许被困的受害者进行双向视频会议，看新闻，听音乐等。形成性实验将在斯坦福大学的CHIMe实验室进行，随后在德克萨斯a&m的灾难城进行全面的高保真实验，使用由医生和救援专业人员事先工作开发的受伤点护理脚本。相关沟通策略的副语言方面将把Nass正在进行的语音特征和行为举止的研究与Murphy正在开发的非拟人化机器人的情感身体行为举止的研究结合起来；因此，该项目的智力价值源于其通信和计算机科学的多学科融合。该研究将引入CASA关系频谱，作为对以机器人为中心的分类法的补充，并将定义一种新的关系，在这种关系中，人类长期高度依赖于一种媒介，同时也具有一种新的社交媒介身份，pi预计这种关系将比自主的社会行为者和远程操作对机器人融入社会产生更大的影响。项目成果将包括为人力资源调查制定正式和全面的沟通战略，将口头和非口头影响结合起来；这将统一社交机器人的理论和实践，从而打破目前机器人文献中情感的临时应用模式，并为继续进行HRI的基础研究建立基本模型和范式。更广泛的影响：该项目最终将有助于挽救事故、灾难和恐怖主义受害者的生命，并将普遍改善“闭门不出”的生活质量。社交媒介的概念与目前民用和军用机器人的远程操作和半自主能力非常匹配；因此，制定的通信战略将立即适用于目前使用机器人的执法和应急反应等领域，以及机器人尚未找到强大的经济利基但具有巨大经济潜力的医疗保健领域。教育推广计划包括多学科课程开发，以及向K-12教师和博物馆推广。

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."In this project the PIs will investigate human-robot interaction in situations where a human is highly dependent upon a robot that serves as the medium for the outside world, such as emergency response, hostage negotiation, and healthcare. In these domains, the human "dependent" is typically connected to multiple other human "controllers" (medical specialists, structural engineers, rescue operations officials, etc.) via the robot proxy for long periods of time. The literature suggests that under these circumstances the dependent will respond to the robot socially, and will become distrustful as well as cognitively confused by a robot that presents a different affect for different controllers rather than a consistent communication strategy. The PIs believe that such a robot would occupy a novel "social medium" position within the Computers as Social Actors (CASA) model, and would be perceived as a loyal and helpful go-between who is an advocate for the dependent rather than as a device for accomplishing the goals of the controllers. To explore this hypothesis, the PIs will make use of the Survivor Buddy, a multimedia attachment for a robot which allows trapped victims to engage in two-way video conferencing, watch news, listen to music, etc. Formative experiments will be conducted at Stanford's CHIMe lab, followed by comprehensive, high fidelity experiments at Texas A&M's Disaster City using point-of-injury care scripts developed under prior work with medical doctors and rescue professionals. The paralinguistic aspects of the associated communication strategy will couple the ongoing work by Nass in voice characteristics and mannerisms with research in affective physical mannerisms in non-anthropomorphic robots under development by Murphy; the intellectual merit of the project thus stems from its multidisciplinary merging of communications and computer science. The research will introduce the CASA spectrum of relationships as a complement to robot-centric taxonomies, and will define a new relationship where a human is highly dependent upon a medium for long durations along with a new identity of social medium, which the PIs expect will have a greater impact on integrating robots into society than autonomous social actors and tele-operation. Project outcomes will include creation of a formal and comprehensive communication strategy for HRI, which combines verbal and nonverbal affect; this will unify the theory and practice of social robots, thereby breaking the pattern of ad hoc application of affect currently seen in the robotics literature and establishing the fundamental models and paradigms for continuing basic research in HRI.Broader Impacts: This project will ultimately help save the lives of victims of accidents, disasters, and terrorism, and will also generally improve the quality of life for "shut-ins." The concept of social medium is well-matched to the current capabilities of tele-operation and semi-autonomy in civilian and military robotics; thus, the communication strategies developed will be immediately applicable to domains such as law enforcement and emergency response, which currently use robots, as well as to healthcare, where robots have not yet found a strong economic niche but have huge economic potential. The educational outreach plan includes multi-disciplinary curriculum development, as well as outreach to K-12 teachers and museums.