PostDoctoral Research Fellowship

博士后研究奖学金

• 批准号: 0906067
• 负责人: Laura Naumann
• 金额: $ 12万
• 依托单位: Naumann Laura P
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0906067&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PostDoctoral; Research; Fellowship

This research project extends the conceptual and methodological tools of the Social Relations Model (SRM) to a long-standing debate in cultural psychology: Do Asian-Americans fail to show the self-enhancement bias that Westerners often show and instead show a more negative self-effacement bias? In particular, the Fellow will adapt Kwan and colleagues? recent model of self-enhancement bias which emphasizes that two factors need to be considered to accurately estimate an individual?s self-enhancement (or effacement) bias. That is, self-perceptions must be compared both to how an individual perceives people in general (i.e., perceiver effect) and how others consensually perceive the behavior of the target individual (i.e., target effect).The Postdoctoral Fellow will extend this SRM-based approach to cultural research by including both in-group and out-group perceptions. She will be able to examine three kinds of differences between Asian and European Americans within one comprehensive design: perceiver effects (e.g., do Asians generally perceive people more critically or negatively? Do Asians only perceive other Asians more critically?), target effects (e.g., do Asians score lower in certain desirable social characteristics?), and various aspects of self-enhancement bias (e.g., do Asians perceive themselves in self-enhancing or self-effacing ways? Do biased self-perceptions affect adjustment in a positive or negative way?). She will compare conclusions derived from the two earlier conceptions of self-enhancement (namely the social comparison and the self-insight perspective) and then test whether Asian self-perceptions are realistic, self-enhancing, or self-effacing. Finally, the Fellow will study the academic and social consequences of self-perception biases in college students of different ethnic backgrounds.To test these hypotheses, the Fellow will use a repeated-measures design in which participants rate their own behavior and the behavior of the other group members in a specific group interaction context. In a round-robin design, Asian and European American participants (assigned to 6-person groups) will provide ratings of self and others on several positively and negatively-valenced behavioral attributes, as well as social adjustment variables such as liking and interpersonal closeness. Furthermore, the mixed ingroup-outgroup feature of my design will allow the Fellow to also compute the perceiver, target, and self-enhancement effects specifically for one?s own ethnic in-group (e.g., Asians perceptions of other Asians) or an ethnic out-group.This research should provide a more complete and contextually nuanced understanding of how social perception and self-enhancement biases differ across Asian-Americans and other ethnic groups in the U.S. For example, this research importantly extends previous work by controlling for individual differences in both perceiver and target effects, thus beginning to resolve the inconsistent findings about self-enhancement for Asian and European Americans, as well as examining if there are personal or social consequences of this bias. Additionally, this research emphasizes the importance of the cultural context?conclusions about self-enhancement may critically depend on social comparison standards (e.g., comparing the self to an out-group or one?s ethnic in-group). In the future, the Fellow plans to conduct research that takes a cultural approach to studying social perception by examining how other factors such as ethnic identity strength, biculturalism, and acculturation shape self-perception processes. Specifically, she hopes to extend this work to other underrepresented populations including African Americans and Latinos.This proposal for postdoctoral training and research stems from earlier research that she conducted at UC-Berkeley, which has been funded initially by a NSF Pre-doctoral fellowship and a Ford Foundation Dissertation-Year fellowship. The Fellow looks forward to involving future generations of undergraduate and graduate students in research on minority and diversity issues and generating methodologically sound research on these topics.

本研究项目将社会关系模型（SRM）的概念和方法工具扩展到文化心理学中一个长期存在的争论：亚裔美国人是否没有表现出西方人经常表现出的自我提升偏见，而是表现出更消极的自我淡化偏见？特别是，该研究员将适应关和同事？最近的自我提升偏见模型强调要准确评估一个人需要考虑两个因素？自我增强（或淡化）倾向。也就是说，自我感知必须与个人如何感知他人（即感知者效应）以及他人如何自愿地感知目标个体的行为（即目标效应）进行比较。该博士后研究员将把这种基于srm的方法扩展到文化研究中，包括群体内和群体外的认知。她将能够在一个综合设计中检查亚裔和欧裔美国人之间的三种差异：感知者效应（例如，亚洲人通常更挑剔还是更消极地看待别人？）亚洲人是否只是更挑剔地看待其他亚洲人？)、目标效应（例如，亚洲人在某些可取的社会特征上得分较低吗？）以及自我提升偏见的各个方面（例如，亚洲人是以自我提升还是自我贬低的方式看待自己？）有偏见的自我认知会以积极还是消极的方式影响调整？)她将比较两种早期自我提升的概念（即社会比较和自我洞察的观点）得出的结论，然后测试亚洲人的自我认知是现实的、自我提升的还是自我贬低的。最后，该研究员将研究不同种族背景的大学生自我知觉偏差的学术和社会后果。为了验证这些假设，研究员将使用重复测量设计，参与者在特定的群体互动环境中评估自己的行为和其他群体成员的行为。在循环赛设计中，亚洲和欧洲的美国参与者（被分配到6人组）将提供自我和他人的一些积极和消极价值的行为属性的评级，以及社会调整变量，如喜欢和人际关系亲密。此外，我的设计中混合的群内群外特征将允许研究员还计算感知者、目标和自我增强效应。（例如，亚洲人对其他亚洲人的看法）或种族外群体。本研究应该对亚裔美国人和其他种族美国人的社会知觉和自我提升偏见的差异提供一个更完整、更细致的背景理解。例如，本研究通过控制感知者和目标效应的个体差异，重要地扩展了先前的工作，从而开始解决亚裔和欧裔美国人关于自我提升的不一致的发现。以及检查这种偏见是否会对个人或社会造成影响。此外，本研究强调了文化背景的重要性。关于自我提升的结论可能严重依赖于社会比较标准(例如，将自我与外群体或一个？（族群内）。在未来，研究员计划进行研究，采用文化的方法来研究社会感知，通过研究其他因素，如民族认同强度，双文化主义，文化适应如何塑造自我感知过程。具体来说，她希望将这项工作扩展到其他代表性不足的人群，包括非洲裔美国人和拉丁美洲人。这项博士后培训和研究的提议源于她在加州大学伯克利分校进行的早期研究，该研究最初得到了美国国家科学基金会博士预科奖学金和福特基金会博士论文年奖学金的资助。该研究员期待着让未来几代本科生和研究生参与少数民族和多样性问题的研究，并就这些主题进行方法学上合理的研究。