Collaborative Research: A winter expedition to explore the biological and physical conditions of the Bering, Chukchi, and southern Beaufort Seas

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。提供资金用于收集关于三个重要的北极海：白令海、楚科奇海和波弗特海越冬物理和生物特征的基线冬季信息。由于在冬季难以进入北极地区，并且由于可以部署在越冬系泊和冰系剖面仪/浮标上的传感器技术的限制，对北极季节性，特别是冬季条件的了解严重有限。特别是，对优势桡足类之一的卡拉努斯（Calanus spp.）的越冬策略的了解尚不清楚，但对生态系统建模工作至关重要。这种知识的缺乏损害了我们模拟和预测北极生态系统的能力，而这些知识对我们了解持续气候变化的潜在影响至关重要。pi计划在2010年1月至2月对白令海、楚科奇海和波弗特海进行为期6周的巡航，在此期间，他们将进行物理（水文、环流）、化学（营养）和生物（浮游动物、微型浮游动物、叶绿素）取样。他们将描述水文、环流和浮游生物和营养环境的各个方面，确定Calanus spp.的越冬栖息地，确定Calanus spp.和euphausiids的条件和活动，描述这些地区Calanus spp.和euphausiids物种/种群之间的相互联系，确定楚科奇大陆架上太平洋水的转变，描述太平洋海水进入北冰洋的陆架流和巴罗峡谷的环流和水文特征，量化与水柱垂直结构相关的浮游生物和颗粒的过程和精细尺度垂直分布。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Funds are provided to collect baseline winter information on the overwintering physical and biological characteristics of three important Arctic Seas: The Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Beaufort Sea. Understanding of seasonality, and particularly winter conditions, in the Arctic is severely limited because of difficulties in accessing these regions during winter and because of limitations to sensor technology that can be deployed on overwintering moorings and ice-tethered profilers/buoys. In particular, understanding of the overwintering strategies of one of the dominant copepod genera, Calanus spp., is not well understood but is critical to ecosystem modeling efforts. This lack of knowledge has compromised our ability to model and to predict Arctic ecosystems, knowledge that is critical to our efforts to understand the potential impacts of ongoing climate change.The PIs propose a 6-week cruise to the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, in January-February 2010, during which they will conduct physical (hydrography, circulation), chemical (nutrients), and biological (zooplankton, microzooplankton, chlorophyll) sampling. They will describe the hydrography, circulation and aspects of the planktonic and nutrient environments, identifying the overwintering habitat of Calanus spp., determining the condition and activity of Calanus spp. and euphausiids, describing the interconnectedness between species/populations of Calanus and euphausiids in these regions, identifying the transformations of Pacific Water on the Chukchi Shelf, describing off-shelf flow of Pacific Water into the Artic Ocean and the circulation and hydrography of Barrow Canyon, and quantifying the course- and fine-scale vertical distributions of plankton and particles in relation to the vertical structure of the water column.