Collaborative Research: A winter expedition to explore the biological and physical conditions of the Bering, Chukchi, and southern Beaufort Seas

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)提供资金，用于收集关于三个重要北冰洋：白令海、楚科奇海和波弗特海越冬的物理和生物特征的基准冬季信息。北极地区的季节性，特别是冬季条件的了解受到严重限制，因为在冬季进入这些地区很困难，而且可以部署在越冬系泊和冰系留剖面仪/浮标上的传感器技术也受到限制。特别是，对主要的桡足类属之一--尺足类Calanus spp.越冬策略的了解还不是很清楚，但对生态系统建模工作至关重要。这种知识的缺乏损害了我们模拟和预测北极生态系统的能力，这些知识对于我们努力了解持续气候变化的潜在影响至关重要。PI建议在2010年1-2月进行为期6周的白令海、楚科奇海和波弗特海的邮轮旅行，在此期间他们将进行物理(水文、循环)、化学(营养)和生物(浮游动物、微型浮游动物、叶绿素)采样。他们将描述水文、循环以及浮游和营养环境的各个方面，确定Calanus spp.的越冬栖息地，确定Calanus spp.的状况和活动。这些报告描述了这些区域的Calanus和Euphausiidae物种/种群之间的相互联系，查明了太平洋水在楚科奇大陆架上的变化，描述了太平洋水进入北冰洋的离岸流动和巴罗峡谷的环流和水文学，并量化了浮游生物和颗粒相对于水柱垂直结构的过程和精细尺度的垂直分布。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Funds are provided to collect baseline winter information on the overwintering physical and biological characteristics of three important Arctic Seas: The Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Beaufort Sea. Understanding of seasonality, and particularly winter conditions, in the Arctic is severely limited because of difficulties in accessing these regions during winter and because of limitations to sensor technology that can be deployed on overwintering moorings and ice-tethered profilers/buoys. In particular, understanding of the overwintering strategies of one of the dominant copepod genera, Calanus spp., is not well understood but is critical to ecosystem modeling efforts. This lack of knowledge has compromised our ability to model and to predict Arctic ecosystems, knowledge that is critical to our efforts to understand the potential impacts of ongoing climate change.The PIs propose a 6-week cruise to the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, in January-February 2010, during which they will conduct physical (hydrography, circulation), chemical (nutrients), and biological (zooplankton, microzooplankton, chlorophyll) sampling. They will describe the hydrography, circulation and aspects of the planktonic and nutrient environments, identifying the overwintering habitat of Calanus spp., determining the condition and activity of Calanus spp. and euphausiids, describing the interconnectedness between species/populations of Calanus and euphausiids in these regions, identifying the transformations of Pacific Water on the Chukchi Shelf, describing off-shelf flow of Pacific Water into the Artic Ocean and the circulation and hydrography of Barrow Canyon, and quantifying the course- and fine-scale vertical distributions of plankton and particles in relation to the vertical structure of the water column.