DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Evolution of moss organellar genomes and gene transfer from mosses to Amborella

论文研究：苔藓细胞器基因组的进化以及从苔藓到安博雷拉的基因转移

• 批准号: 0910300
• 负责人: Jeffrey Palmer
• 金额: $ 1.48万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0910300&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Evolution; moss; organellar

All living organisms are powered by tiny structures known as mitochondria, which have their own DNA. Mosses are tiny plants that occur all over the world; even though there are thousands of species of moss, only one moss mitochondrial genome (i.e. all the DNA) has ever been sequenced. This project will sequence the entire mitochondrial genome from each of ten diverse species of moss, and will assess genome size, gene order, and DNA mutation rate. All these properties vary among mitochondrial genomes of larger plants, but are largely unknown in the mosses.The project will also permit interpretation of another striking biological phenomenon. The mitochondrial DNA in plants is remarkably dynamic, and frequently picks up DNA from other parts of the cell in which it exists. Recently, the Palmer lab has shown that the mitochondria of a small tree known as Amborella have acquired the entire mitochondrial DNA from two separate species of moss. This was a surprise, because there is no known mechanism by which this massive transfer of DNA might take place. In trying to understand this phenomenon, it would help to know exactly which mosses shared their mitochondrial DNA with Amborella. This can be done by comparing the sequences of the moss DNA in Amborella with the sequences being generated in this project. It is possible that Amborella acquired the extra mitochondrial DNA from mosses living on its trunk.

所有活着的有机体都是由称为线粒体的微小结构提供动力的，线粒体有自己的DNA。苔藓是分布在世界各地的微小植物；尽管苔藓有数千个物种，但只有一个苔藓线粒体基因组(即所有DNA)被测序。该项目将对十种不同苔藓物种的整个线粒体基因组进行排序，并将评估基因组大小、基因顺序和DNA突变率。所有这些特性在大型植物的线粒体基因组中有所不同，但在苔藓中基本上是未知的。该项目还将允许解释另一种显著的生物学现象。植物中的线粒体DNA是非常动态的，经常从它所在的细胞其他部分提取DNA。最近，帕尔默实验室表明，一种名为Amborella的小树的线粒体已经从两种不同的苔藓中获得了完整的线粒体DNA。这令人惊讶，因为目前还没有已知的机制来实现这种大规模的DNA转移。在试图理解这一现象时，准确地知道哪些苔藓类与Amborella共享它们的线粒体DNA将有所帮助。这可以通过将安博雷拉苔藓DNA的序列与该项目中生成的序列进行比较来完成。安博雷拉可能是从生活在其躯干上的苔藓中获得了额外的线粒体DNA。