Collaborative Research: Impacts of in-stream restoration on hydrological, chemical, and biological heterogeneity in the hyporheic zone

合作研究：河流内恢复对潜流带水文、化学和生物异质性的影响

• 批准号: 0911612
• 负责人: Laura Lautz
• 金额: $ 19.76万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0911612&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impacts; stream; restoration

Billions of dollars are spent annually on stream restoration, but assessmentsof restoration impacts on in-channel ecosystems are rare, and investigations into hyporheic impacts are practically absent. Most restoration projects aim to improve degraded stream structure and function by manipulating channel morphology to replicate pre-degradation conditions. The complex interactions of surface and subsurface flow in the hyporheic zone associated with restoration structures may play an important role in the ecological recovery ofthese projects, particularly with respect to water quality and aquatic habitat. The overall objective of this project is to assess 1) the degree to which in-stream restoration projects mimicnatural bedform processes by inducing rapid hyporheic interaction, and 2) the resultant impacts on heterogeneity of associated physical, chemical, thermal and biological patterns in streambeds. Restoration projects will be assessed in the field relative to degraded sites, where restoration projects have not been implemented, and reference sites, which represent an ideal condition and on which the restoration design was based. Computational modeling will guidesite instrumentation, investigate hydraulic drivers of water flux, and scale the results to larger reach lengths. The questions we will address include:1. Does an engineered stream restoration design serve as an analog of natural stream features that drive hydraulics and enhance water flux through the streambed? Are streambed fluxes comparable in magnitude and spatial heterogeneity to those found at reference reaches thatserve as the basis for the engineering design?2. Does water flux through the streambed around restoration structures generate a mosaic of redox conditions and thermal patterns that are more spatially heterogeneous and span a greater range than those found at non-restored sites? Are these spatial patterns comparable to the spatial patterns found at reference sites?3. Does the mosaic of hydrologic, redox and thermal conditions diversify habitat for hyporheic macroinvertebrates and result in greater hyporheic invertebrate taxonomic richness and community patchiness, compared to non-restored sites?The proposed work addresses current gaps in our knowledge of how instreamrestoration projects impact hyporheic exchange and improve hyporheic function,particularly in terms of water quality and habitat restoration. The results of our work will inform future restoration design and demonstrate that restoration design considerations should include the vertical component, not simply channel form and process. Through exploratory computational modeling of hyporheic fluxes around proposed restoration structures, we can examine whether restoration designs maximize physicochemical and biological diversity in the stream system, restoring ecological function. The project team will actively engage practitioners through participation in training and workshops on stream restoration held annually throughout Upstate New York. Our work will also establish post-restoration monitoring at projects implemented by state and federal agencies. The proposed project explicitly incorporates the active participation of graduate and undergraduate students in research. Women and traditionally underrepresented minorities will be actively recruited for graduate student participation. Three undergraduate students will be recruited to complete independent research projects related to the modeling and biotic components of this project. We will activelyengage a broader audience of graduate and undergraduate students in this research program by incorporating educational experiences that are directly linked to active research into the curriculum of four courses at Syracuse University and SUNY ESF.

每年数十亿美元用于河流恢复，但恢复对河道内生态系统影响的评估很少，而且几乎没有对潜流影响的调查。大多数恢复项目旨在通过操纵河道形态来复制退化前的条件，从而改善退化的河流结构和功能。与恢复结构相关的潜流区地表和地下水流的复杂相互作用可能在这些项目的生态恢复中发挥重要作用，特别是在水质和水生生境方面。本项目的总体目标是评估：1）河流修复工程通过诱导快速的潜流相互作用模拟自然河床形态过程的程度; 2）由此对河床中相关物理、化学、热和生物模式的异质性产生的影响。将在实地评估恢复项目，评估对象是尚未实施恢复项目的退化地点和代表理想状况并作为恢复设计基础的参考地点。计算建模将指导现场仪表，调查水通量的水力驱动器，并将结果扩展到更大的河段长度。我们将解决的问题包括：1。一个工程化的河流恢复设计是否可以作为自然河流特征的模拟，从而驱动水力学并提高通过河床的水通量？河床通量在大小和空间异质性方面与作为工程设计基础的参考河段的通量是否具有可比性？2.水通量通过河床周围的恢复结构产生马赛克的氧化还原条件和热模式，更空间异质性和跨越更大的范围比那些发现在非恢复网站？这些空间模式是否与参考站点的空间模式具有可比性？3.马赛克的水文，氧化还原和热条件多样化的栖息地为hyporheic大型无脊椎动物，并导致更大的hyporheic无脊椎动物分类的丰富性和社区斑块，相比，未恢复的网站？拟议的工作解决了目前的差距，我们的知识如何instreamrestoration项目的影响潜流交换和改善潜流功能，特别是在水质和栖息地恢复。我们的工作结果将为未来的恢复设计提供信息，并表明恢复设计的考虑因素应包括垂直分量，而不仅仅是渠道形式和过程。通过探索性的计算模型，建议恢复结构周围的潜流通量，我们可以检查恢复设计是否最大限度地提高流系统的物理化学和生物多样性，恢复生态功能。项目小组将通过参加每年在纽约北部举行的关于河流恢复的培训和讲习班，积极吸引从业人员。我们的工作还将在州和联邦机构实施的项目中建立恢复后监测。拟议的项目明确纳入了研究生和本科生在研究中的积极参与。妇女和传统上代表性不足的少数民族将积极招募研究生参与。三名本科生将被招募来完成与该项目的建模和生物组件相关的独立研究项目。我们将积极参与更广泛的研究生和本科生的观众在这个研究计划，将教育经验，直接联系到积极的研究到锡拉丘兹大学和纽约州立大学ESF的四门课程的课程。