US - Egypt Cooperative Research: Climate Change and Biotic Effects During the Late Cretaceous of Egypt

美国-埃及合作研究：埃及白垩纪晚期的气候变化和生物效应

• 批准号: 0912144
• 负责人: Gerta Keller
• 金额: $ 6.38万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0912144&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Egypt; Cooperative; Research; Climate

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This collaborative research project is being undertaken by Dr. Gerta Keller, Princeton University, and Dr. Abdel Aziz Tantawy, South Valley University in Egypt, to collect the necessary long-term biotic, mineralogical and geochemical records needed to understand the greenhouse-icehouse transition and the late Cretaceous environmental changes. The Campanian-Maastrichtian interval is a critical time period in Earth's history. It marks (1) the long-term global cooling accompanied by fluctuations in sea-level and productivity, (2) witnessed the gradual demise of most of the greenhouse world fauna and flora and the evolution and adaptive strategies of species trying to survive in the changing paleoenvironment, but mostly failing, and (3) witnessed one of Earth's five major mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous. These global events are most pronounced in the continental shelf sediments of the eastern Tethys and Egypt in particular. The transition was accompanied by sea level fluctuations and intermittent organic-rich sedimentation that created most of the currently known oil, gas and phosphorite deposits. Study of these sediments, as proposed in this project can yield critical information to help understand the environmental and biotic changes associated with major climatic transitions.The main research objective is to develop a comprehensive integrated multi-disciplinary history of late Cretaceous climate, sea-level and biotic changes in Egypt with special emphasis on mineral and organic-rich deposits that yield scientific information regarding biotic consequences of climate warming. The proposed study will include paleontology, stable isotopes, mineralogy, and geochemistry. The results will provide the necessary long-term biotic, mineralogical and geochemical records needed to understand the greenhouse-icehouse transition, significantly improve our understanding of both long-term and short-term biotic diversity changes, and elucidate the environmental conditions that led to the decline of the Cretaceous fauna during the Campanian and leading up to the K-T mass extinction. The database generated will be directly applicable to future paleoenvironmental studies of the region.This study involves international collaboration between US scientists and those of 3 other countries (Egypt, Germany, and Switzerland), as well as opportunities for US student (graduate and undergraduate) participation in international research.

该奖项由 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）资助。该合作研究项目由普林斯顿大学的 Gerta Keller 博士和埃及南谷大学的 Abdel Aziz Tantawy 博士承担，旨在收集必要的长期生物、矿物学和地球化学记录，以了解温室-冰室转变和白垩纪晚期的环境变化。坎帕阶-马斯特里赫特阶间隔是地球历史上的一个关键时期。 它标志着（1）伴随着海平面和生产力波动的长期全球变冷，（2）见证了大多数温室世界动植物群的逐渐消亡，以及试图在不断变化的古环境中生存但大多失败的物种的进化和适应策略，以及（3）见证了白垩纪末地球五次大规模灭绝之一。这些全球事件在特提斯东部和埃及的大陆架沉积物中最为明显。这一转变伴随着海平面波动和间歇性富含有机物的沉积，形成了目前已知的大部分石油、天然气和磷矿矿床。本项目提出的对这些沉积物的研究可以产生关键信息，帮助了解与主要气候转变相关的环境和生物变化。主要研究目标是开发埃及晚白垩世气候、海平面和生物变化的综合综合多学科历史，特别侧重于富含矿物质和有机物的沉积物，这些沉积物可以产生有关气候变暖的生物后果的科学信息。拟议的研究将包括古生物学、稳定同位素、矿物学和地球化学。研究结果将提供了解温室-冰室转变所需的必要的长期生物、矿物学和地球化学记录，显着提高我们对长期和短期生物多样性变化的理解，并阐明导致白垩纪动物群在坎帕尼亚时期减少并导致K-T大规模灭绝的环境条件。生成的数据库将直接适用于该地区未来的古环境研究。这项研究涉及美国科学家与其他三个国家（埃及、德国和瑞士）科学家之间的国际合作，以及美国学生（研究生和本科生）参与国际研究的机会。