Investigating the Environmental and Biological Response to Deccan Volcanism

调查德干火山的环境和生物反应

• 批准号: 1026271
• 负责人: Gerta Keller
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1026271&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Environmental; Biological; Response; Deccan

Investigating the Environmental and Biological Response to Deccan Volcanism Principle Investigator: Prof. Gerta Keller, Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, email: [e-mail] volcanic eruptions occurred in three phases with the main phase-2 in chron 29R at the end of the Maastrichtian accounting for 80% of the entire 3500 m thick Deccan lava pile. Four of Earth's longest lava flows span over 1000 km across India and out into the Bay of Bengal ending with the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) mass extinction (Keller et al., 2008, 2009a,b). Still unknown in KT studies is the potential cause-and-effect relationship of Deccan volcanism and the mass extinction. This project addresses this problem. The main objective is to investigate the biological and environmental consequences of these longest lava flows and their effects upon marine life. This has been problematic because Deccan eruptions are largely continental. We have discovered marine sequences in eastern, central and southwestern India. For this project we plan to investigate outcrops as well as drill two 50 m deep wells in two quarries of Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, to recover the last 1 m.y. record of the Maastrichtian. In addition, we plan fieldwork in Gujarat to collect upper Maastrichtian sediments deposited in an estuarine environment. These records will be analyzed in a multidisciplinary international collaboration project that includes US, Indian and Swiss scientists and students who will be collaborating in all phases of this research, from fieldwork to analyses, interpretation and writing papers for publication. Specific topics to be investigated include the biological and environmental effects of volcanism upon benthic and planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, ostracods and palynomorphs, as well as changes in climate, productivity and oxygen based on stable isotopes, sedimentology, microfacies, bulk and clay mineralogy. The database collected under this project will be the first direct evaluation of the effects of a large igneous province (LIP) upon life and the methods are potentially applicable to other mass extinctions associated with LIPs. This project is supported with cofunding from the Office of International Science and Engineering's India Program.

德干火山爆发的环境和生物反应研究主要研究者：Gerta Keller教授，普林斯顿大学地球科学系，普林斯顿，新泽西州08544，电子邮件：gkeller@princeton. eduAbstract德干火山爆发分三个阶段发生，主要阶段2在马斯特里赫特阶末的第29 R期，占整个3500米厚的德干熔岩堆的80%。地球上最长的四个熔岩流跨越印度超过1000公里，进入孟加拉湾，结束了第三纪（KT）大规模灭绝（Keller等人，2008、2009 a、B）。在KT研究中仍然未知的是德干火山活动和大灭绝的潜在因果关系。这个项目解决了这个问题。主要目的是调查这些最长的熔岩流的生物和环境后果及其对海洋生物的影响。这是有问题的，因为德干火山喷发主要是大陆性的。我们在印度东部、中部和西南部发现了海相层序。在本项目中，我们计划调查露头，并在安得拉邦拉贾赫蒙德里的两个采石场钻两口50 m深的威尔斯井，以回收最后100万吨。马斯特里赫特人的记录此外，我们计划在古吉拉特邦的野外工作，收集上马斯特里赫特沉积物沉积在河口环境。这些记录将在一个多学科国际合作项目中进行分析，该项目包括美国、印度和瑞士的科学家和学生，他们将在这项研究的各个阶段进行合作，从实地调查到分析、解释和撰写论文以供出版。具体的研究课题包括火山活动对底栖和南极有孔虫、钙质超微化石、介形类和孢粉形类的生物和环境影响，以及根据稳定同位素、沉积学、微相、散装和粘土矿物学研究气候、生产力和氧的变化。该项目下收集的数据库将是第一个直接评估大火成岩省（LIP）对生命的影响，该方法可能适用于与LIP相关的其他大规模喷发。该项目得到了国际科学与工程办公室印度项目的共同资助。