Collaborative Research: MSB: Microbial control of litter decay at the cellulose-lignin interface

合作研究：MSB：纤维素-木质素界面凋落物腐烂的微生物控制

• 批准号: 0918878
• 负责人: Chris Blackwood
• 金额: $ 16.08万
• 依托单位: Kent State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0918878&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; MSB; Microbial; control

The key scientific significance of this work is the integration of microbial community and chemical interactions during the long-term degradation and stabilization of plant litter because there has not yet been a working synthesis of this knowledge expressed in a comprehensive quantitative framework. Plant litter decomposition is the main control on soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration. There is growing interest in understanding the conditions under which soils gain or lose C, in part, because soils contain more C than the atmosphere and could play either a moderating or exacerbating role in global warming. An integrated field, laboratory, and modeling study of the biochemical mechanisms driving interactions between soil C sequestration, plant litter chemistry, and microbial community composition and activity during decomposition is needed to define these relationships. Moorhead and Sinsabaugh (2006) developed a new model that incorporates microbial dynamics into the decomposition process, the Guild Decomposition Model (GDM), which has generated a series of specific hypotheses about the mechanisms controlling the interactions between plant litter chemistry, C stabilization and microbial community composition and activity during decomposition. The proposed research will evaluate these hypotheses experimentally by monitoring changes in plant litter chemistry and microbial community composition and function during decomposition, with and without added N to mimic N deposition. Stable C isotope (13C) labeling will further determine the community composition of active microorganisms capable of metabolizing specific chemical components of plant litter. This research will provide mechanistic insight into the impacts on plant litter decomposition and soil C sequestration from N deposition, elevated CO2, plant community composition shifts, and climate change. An integrated education and outreach program will complement this research, assisted by the University of Toledo's Center for Creative Instruction (CCI). For this project, the CCI will develop an online interactive Model Of Leaf Decomposition (iMold) to provide educational outreach about decomposition for grades 5-12. Visitors will be able to visualize the progress of the decomposition of litter as a whole, or different individual litter chemical constituents, along a time line to see how time, litter type, and environment relate to how quickly or slowly something decays. Teachers and students will be able to network between researchers and classrooms at other schools, enabling them to share data, ask questions, and collaborate on experiments. A communication center will be created so that the researchers and classrooms can share ideas and results, as well as ask questions in a blog-like environment. Additionally, this project will provide training for several undergraduate and graduate students. University of Toledo and Kent State University serve significant populations of underrepresented groups in science, and they will be recruited to this project.

这项工作的关键科学意义是在植物凋落物的长期降解和稳定过程中整合微生物群落和化学相互作用，因为尚未以全面的定量框架表达这些知识的有效综合。 植物凋落物分解是土壤肥力和碳（C）固存的主要控制因素。人们越来越有兴趣了解土壤吸收或失去碳的条件，部分原因是土壤中的碳含量比大气中多，并且可能在全球变暖中发挥减缓或加剧作用。需要对驱动土壤碳固存、植物凋落物化学以及分解过程中微生物群落组成和活动之间相互作用的生化机制进行综合现场、实验室和建模研究来定义这些关系。 Moorhead 和 Sinsabaugh (2006) 开发了一种将微生物动力学纳入分解过程的新模型，即 Guild 分解模型 (GDM)，该模型产生了一系列关于控制分解过程中植物凋落物化学、碳稳定性和微生物群落组成和活性之间相互作用的机制的具体假设。拟议的研究将通过监测分解过程中植物凋落物化学和微生物群落组成和功能的变化，在添加或不添加氮来模拟氮沉积的情况下，通过实验评估这些假设。稳定C同位素（13C）标记将进一步确定能够代谢植物凋落物特定化学成分的活性微生物的群落组成。这项研究将为氮沉降、二氧化碳浓度升高、植物群落组成变化和气候变化对植物凋落物分解和土壤碳固存的影响提供机制见解。在托莱多大学创意教学中心 (CCI) 的协助下，一项综合教育和推广计划将补充这项研究。对于该项目，CCI 将开发在线交互式叶子分解模型 (iMold)，为 5-12 年级的学生提供有关分解的教育推广。 参观者将能够沿着时间线可视化整个垃圾或不同个体垃圾化学成分的分解进度，以了解时间、垃圾类型和环境与某些东西腐烂的快慢之间的关系。教师和学生将能够在其他学校的研究人员和教室之间建立联系，使他们能够共享数据、提出问题并协作进行实验。将创建一个交流中心，以便研究人员和教室可以分享想法和结果，并在类似博客的环境中提出问题。 此外，该项目还将为多名本科生和研究生提供培训。托莱多大学和肯特州立大学为科学领域中代表性不足的群体提供服务，他们将被招募到这个项目中。