COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Dynamics of plant-soil feedbacks in changing environments

合作研究：变化环境中植物-土壤反馈的动态

• 批准号: 0919569
• 负责人: Katharine Suding
• 金额: $ 28.17万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919569&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Dynamics; plant; soil

Human activities have increased nitrogen (N) availability throughout the world. Nitrogen enrichment commonly results in increased plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. A large amount of work also indicates that anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment can lead to reduced plant species richness. Reductions in plant diversity have most commonly been attributed to plant resource competition, but other mechanisms may contribute to the observed loss of plant species in fertilized plots. The goal of this research is to include the 'unseen majority' - belowground microbial interactions - in understanding how N enrichment alters plant community structure aboveground. Plant interactions with microbes (e.g., soil parasites, symbionts, decomposers) could be an even more important determinant of plant diversity decline in response to N enrichment than simple plant resource competition. Utilizing microbial surveys of long-term fertilization plots, tissue culture experiments, and field manipulations in the moist meadow tundra and other grassland systems, previous hypotheses of diversity loss with N enrichment will be extended to include belowground microbial interactions. In addition, this research will promote the teaching, training and understanding of issues related to biodiversity and environmental change through virtual field trips accessible on the web, hands-on microbial activity sets distributed to high school classrooms, and the training of women, particular Hispanic women, scientists. Ultimately, the inclusion of belowground microbial interactions will improve predictive abilities regarding how environmental change factors such as N deposition may affect terrestrial biodiversity.

人类活动增加了全世界氮的可用性。在陆地生态系统中，氮的富集通常会导致植物生产力的提高。大量的工作也表明，人为的氮富集会导致植物物种丰富度的降低。植物多样性的减少最常见地归因于植物资源竞争，但其他机制可能导致施肥地块中观察到的植物物种损失。这项研究的目标是包括“看不见的大多数”-地下微生物的相互作用-在了解氮富集如何改变植物群落结构地上。植物与微生物的相互作用（例如，土壤寄生物、共生体、分解者）可能比简单的植物资源竞争更重要地决定了植物多样性对氮富集的响应。利用微生物调查的长期施肥地块，组织培养实验，并在潮湿的草甸苔原和其他草原系统的实地操作，以前的假设与N富集的多样性损失将扩展到包括地下微生物的相互作用。此外，这项研究还将通过在网上进行虚拟实地考察、向高中教室分发实际操作的微生物活动集以及培训妇女，特别是西班牙裔妇女和科学家，促进对生物多样性和环境变化相关问题的教学、培训和理解。最终，地下微生物相互作用的列入将提高预测能力，环境变化因素，如氮沉降可能会影响陆地生物多样性。