Collaborative Research: Gender and Constitutions: A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Gender Provisions

合作研究：性别与宪法：性别条款效果的比较分析

• 批准号: 0920990
• 负责人: Priscilla Lambert
• 金额: $ 17.34万
• 依托单位: Western Michigan University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0920990&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Gender; Constitutions; Comparative

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5) Does the "gendering" of constitutions promote women's equality? New democracies, and some older ones, increasingly include gender provisions in their constitutions. This research examines the incorporation of gender in national constitutions and the significance of this trend for women's equality. Constitutional choices about gender rights reflect opposing perspectives about whether and how gender differences should be recognized in law. Gender and law scholars disagree whether women, and the movements that represent them, should pursue a rights strategy based on their equality with men or if they should accept and embrace their differences with men and pursue policies that make allowances for women's differences. This research evaluates these strategies comparatively, traces the impact of different types of gender provisions on women's political and economic status across countries, and analyses the conditions under which constitutional provisions are likely to shape the content of laws and regulations that in turn affect women's well-being and equality. The investigators utilize multiple methodologies and levels of analysis. The research methods include constitutional coding and cross-national statistical analysis of one hundred countries, a mid-level comparative analysis of fifteen countries based on archival research, and a comparative in-depth qualitative analysis based on in-country interview research and legal scholarship in three countries in southern Africa and three countries in South America. The research contributes to theories of social policy and gender equality, constitutional design and performance, legal mobilization, and law and social change. A cross-national database on gender provisions, constitutional coding and coding methods, and data from the mid-level analysis will be made available on the world wide web. Dissemination of the results of this research has the potential to inform and shape the strategies of women's advocacy groups, both domestic and international.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。宪法的“性别化”是否促进了妇女的平等？新的民主国家，以及一些较老的民主国家，越来越多地在宪法中加入性别条款。本研究探讨将性别纳入国家宪法，以及这一趋势对妇女平等的意义。关于性别权利的宪法选择反映了关于性别差异是否以及如何在法律中得到承认的对立观点。性别和法律学者对妇女和代表她们的运动是否应该追求基于男女平等的权利战略，或者是否应该接受和拥抱她们与男性的差异，并追求允许妇女差异的政策持不同意见。本研究对这些战略进行了比较评估，追溯了不同类型的性别规定对各国妇女政治和经济地位的影响，并分析了宪法规定可能影响法律法规内容的条件，这些法律法规反过来又影响妇女的福祉和平等。调查人员利用多种方法和分析水平。研究方法包括100个国家的宪法编码和跨国统计分析，基于档案研究的15个国家的中级比较分析，以及基于南部非洲三个国家和南美洲三个国家的国内访谈研究和法律奖学金的比较深入定性分析。她的研究对社会政策与性别平等、宪法设计与执行、法律动员、法律与社会变革等理论做出了贡献。将在万维网上提供关于性别规定、宪法编码和编码方法以及中级分析数据的跨国数据库。这项研究结果的传播有可能为国内和国际妇女宣传团体的战略提供信息和形成战略。