Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Only the 'Truly Needy' Need Apply: Intersections between Policy and Poverty in the Case of Peru

博士论文改进补助金：只有“真正有需要的人”才需要申请：以秘鲁为例，政策与贫困之间的交叉点

• 批准号: 0921632
• 负责人: Kay Warren
• 金额: $ 1.44万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Only

Brown University doctoral student, Kristin Skrabut, with the guidance of Dr. Kay B. Warren, will undertake research on the development, implementation, and effects of antipoverty policies, from the perspectives of both those who design and implement the policies, and those who are poor. The research is important because to create more effective programs to alleviate povery it is necessary to understand how the policies created by bureaucratic organizations connect with the beliefs and livelihood strategies of the impoverished. This study examines what happens to policies as they are disseminated across contexts and considers how micro-practices are linked to macro-processes. The research will be carried out in two sites in Peru, an urban shantytown whose residents have a long history of poverty, and a city only recently impoverished by the devastating 2007 earthquake in 2007. Peru is a good site for the research because the Peruvian government has consciously constructed a two-pronged policy of formalization and focalization, which both formally gives rights to poor citizens and also defines only some as "truly" deserving of assistance." This kind of policy is found in many nations and so the results will be generalizable to other contexts. Using ethnographic techniques of participant observation, semi-structured interviewing, and discourse analysis, the researcher will investigate the interface of antipoverty policies and the livelihood strategies of potential beneficiaries in these two urban extreme poverty zones. Through this comparison, this study will answer the following questions: (1) What considerations govern how the "truly needy" are defined across different social sectors and bureaucratic agencies, and how do acts of measuring poverty contribute to this definition? (2) How do formalization and focalization (inclusion and exclusion) interact to shape the way that poverty is understood and how poverty reduction programs are implemented? (3) In the age of democratic decentralization and globalization, how are designations of the "truly needy" complicated by pre-existing understandings of race and class in urban areas and the presence of other state-like entities? Research findings will be of interest to policy makers at national and international levels and personnel working in development and poverty alleviation. The resarch funding also supports the education of a social scientist.

布朗大学博士生，克里斯汀Skrabut，与博士凯B的指导。沃伦，将进行反贫困政策的发展，实施和影响的研究，从那些谁设计和实施政策的角度，以及那些谁是穷人。这项研究很重要，因为要创造更有效的计划来减轻贫困，就有必要了解官僚组织制定的政策如何与贫困者的信仰和生计策略联系起来。本研究探讨了政策在不同背景下传播时会发生什么，并考虑了微观做法如何与宏观进程相联系。这项研究将在秘鲁的两个地点进行，一个是城市棚户区，其居民有着长期的贫困历史，另一个是最近才因2007年毁灭性的地震而贫困的城市。秘鲁是一个很好的研究地点，因为秘鲁政府有意识地构建了一个正规化和重点化的双管齐下的政策，既正式赋予贫困公民权利，也只将一些人定义为“真正”值得援助。“这种政策在许多国家都有，因此结果将推广到其他情况。研究者将运用参与观察、半结构式访谈和话语分析等民族志技术，调查这两个城市极端贫困地区的反贫困政策与潜在受益者生计策略的界面。通过这种比较，本研究将回答以下问题：（1）在不同的社会部门和官僚机构中，什么因素决定了“真正有需要的人”的定义，以及衡量贫困的行为如何有助于这一定义？(2)正规化和重点化（包容和排斥）如何相互作用，以形成对贫困的理解方式以及如何实施减贫方案？(3)在民主分权和全球化的时代，城市地区预先存在的对种族和阶级的理解以及其他类似国家实体的存在，如何使“真正需要帮助的人”的定义复杂化？ 研究结果将使国家和国际各级的决策者以及从事发展和扶贫工作的人员感兴趣。研究基金还支持社会科学家的教育。