Comparative Paleobiomechanics of Holdfasts in Soft Substrates

软基质中固定物的比较古生物力学

• 批准号: 0921771
• 负责人: Roy Plotnick
• 金额: $ 5.79万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921771&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Paleobiomechanics; Holdfasts; Soft; Substrates

Comparative Paleobiomechanics of Holdfasts in Soft SubtratesRoy Plotnick, University of Illinois, Chicago This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The root systems of terrestrial plants not only obtain nutrients and water, but provide critical physical support for the above ground portions of the plants. Some modern marine organisms, including algae and invertebrates, also have anchoring systems or holdfasts. This is especially important for organisms living on unconsolidated sediments, such as sandy or muddy seafloors, from which they can be uprooted by waves or current. Many fossil organisms also have structures that have been interpreted as holdfasts. Some of these structures resemble plant roots, whereas others resemble ship anchors or grapnels. Although the mechanics of tree roots have been well studied, there has been very little done on the holdfast systems of either fossil or recent marine animals on soft substrates. Previous studies of fossil holdfasts have either been detailed verbal descriptions of their morphology or qualitative interpretations of their function. The goal of this project is to examine the shape and engineering design (biomechanics) of holdfasts in these extinct forms and in living analogs, to determine if there are underlying commonalities or multiple alternative solutions to the problem of how ?not to go with the flow.? The proposed project has two major components. The first of these will be the quantitative description of the morphology of the holdfast systems of modern and fossil invertebrates. This will be based on an examination of specimens in museum collections. The second component will be experimental studies of alternative holdfast designs. This will include the construction of models based on actual specimens of holdfasts, as well as models that represent variability in key parameters believed to control their ability to resist dislodgement. These models will be subject to measured removal forces and their resistance to these forces will be compared. These results will allow direct testing of hypotheses for function in holdfasts in fossil forms.

美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校Roy Plotnick根据《2009年美国复苏和再投资法案》(Public Law 111-5)资助该奖项。陆生植物的根系不仅获得养分和水分，而且为植物地上部分提供关键的物质支持。一些现代海洋生物，包括藻类和无脊椎动物，也有固定系统或固定。这对于生活在松散沉积物上的生物来说尤其重要，例如沙质或泥泞的海底，它们可以被海浪或水流连根拔起。许多化石生物也有被解释为禁食的结构。其中一些结构类似于植物的根，而另一些结构则类似于船锚或船锚。尽管树根的力学已经得到了很好的研究，但关于化石或现代海洋动物在软基上的Holdfast系统的研究却很少。以前对化石禁食的研究要么是对其形态的详细口头描述，要么是对其功能的定性解释。这个项目的目标是研究这些灭绝形式和活着的类似物中的封口的形状和工程设计(生物力学)，以确定是否有潜在的共性或多种替代解决方案来解决如何？不随大流的问题。拟议的项目有两个主要组成部分。第一部分是对现代无脊椎动物和化石无脊椎动物Holdfast系统形态的定量描述。这将基于对博物馆藏品中的标本的检查。第二部分将是可供选择的Holdfast设计的实验研究。这将包括基于固定架的实际样本构建模型，以及代表关键参数的可变性的模型，据信这些关键参数控制它们抵抗移位的能力。这些模型将受到测量的去除力，并将比较它们对这些力的阻力。这些结果将允许对化石形式的禁食功能的假设进行直接测试。