Collaborative Research: The dynamics of geographic ranges: Origin and maintenance of marine diversity gradients

合作研究：地理范围的动态：海洋多样性梯度的起源和维持

• 批准号: 0922156
• 负责人: David Jablonski
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; dynamics; geographic; ranges

Collaborative Research: The dynamics of geographic ranges: Origin and maintenance of marine diversity gradientsDavid I Jablonski, University of ChicagoJames W. Valentine, University of California, BerkeleyThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The most striking large-scale pattern in biological diversity is the dramatic increase in the number of species and higher taxa from the poles to the tropics. However, the dynamics that generate and maintain that trend remain poorly understood, despite their importance not only for evolutionary and ecological theory, but for the management and conservation of biological resources. In developing marine bivalves as a model system for tracking evolutionary and geographic histories of biodiversity (because bivalves are diverse and well-sampled in most marine environments and have a rich and well-documented fossil record), we have found that the spatial expansion of evolutionary lineages across latitude is a crucial factor shaping the global diversity gradient. Our proposed study will use the marine bivalves to evaluate how these dynamics operate, by tracing present-day bivalve biodiversity back through the past 25 million years. We will focus on three major questions: 1) What is the process of range expansion?2) Is range expansion selective? 3) What inhibits range expansion? This work exemplifies the key data and analyses that the fossil record can contribute to understanding biodiversity dynamics at global and regional scales. We can use the geologic record to assess both the major biological factors governing those dynamics, and the interaction of intrinsic, biological factors with extrinsic, time-varying climatic factors in shaping diversity in time and space. By documenting the long-term responses of marine bivalves to climatic events of the recent geologic past, our study will also provide a better foundation for predicting the response of the living biota to future climate change. In addition, by incorporating biotic factors such as body size and geographic range size in a dynamical framework, this work will furnish a bridge between paleontological data and studies of present-day biodiversity. And this research will support the education of a graduate student and a postdoctoral researcher, who will be treated as full collaborators in this work, including training in research planning, presentation of results, publication, and career guidance. We will continue to develop on-line educational resources derived from our research (pages on our work at the Understanding Evolution website have received 58,000 visits).

合作研究：地理范围的动态：海洋多样性梯度的起源和维持芝加哥大学大卫·雅布隆斯基詹姆斯·瓦伦丁加州大学伯克利分校该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。生物多样性最引人注目的大尺度格局是从两极到热带的物种和高级分类群数量的急剧增加。然而，产生和维持这种趋势的动力仍然知之甚少，尽管它们不仅对进化和生态理论很重要，而且对生物资源的管理和保护也很重要。在发展海洋双壳类作为追踪生物多样性进化和地理历史的模型系统的过程中（因为双壳类在大多数海洋环境中具有多样性和良好的采样，并且具有丰富和充分记录的化石记录），我们发现进化谱系在纬度上的空间扩展是塑造全球多样性梯度的关键因素。我们提出的研究将利用海洋双壳类来评估这些动态是如何运作的，通过追溯过去2500万年的当今双壳类生物多样性。我们将重点关注三个主要问题：1)范围扩张的过程是什么？2)范围扩展是选择性的吗？3)是什么阻碍了范围的扩大？这项工作举例说明了化石记录可以有助于理解全球和区域尺度上的生物多样性动态的关键数据和分析。我们可以利用地质记录来评估控制这些动态的主要生物因素，以及内在的生物因素与外在的时变气候因素在时间和空间上形成多样性的相互作用。通过记录海洋双壳类对近期地质历史气候事件的长期响应，我们的研究也将为预测生物群对未来气候变化的响应提供更好的基础。此外，通过在动态框架中结合生物因素，如体型和地理范围大小，这项工作将在古生物学数据和当今生物多样性研究之间架起一座桥梁。本研究将支持一名研究生和一名博士后的教育，他们将被视为本工作的完全合作者，包括研究计划、成果展示、出版和职业指导方面的培训。我们将继续开发基于我们研究的在线教育资源（我们在“理解进化”网站上的工作页面已获得58000次访问）。