The Physiological Genomics of Panicum: Exploring Switchgrass Responses to Climate Change

黍的生理基因组学：探索柳枝稷对气候变化的反应

• 批准号: 0922457
• 负责人: Thomas Juenger
• 金额: $ 409.55万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922457&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiological; Genomics; Panicum; Exploring; Switchgrass

PI: Thomas E. Juenger (University of Texas - Austin)CoPIs: Christine Hawkes (University of Texas - Austin), Timothy H. Keitt (University of Texas - Austin), and Philip A. Fay (University of Texas - Austin/USDA - ARS Grassland, Soil and Water Research Lab)Senior Collaborators: James A. Kiniry and Mari-Vaughan Johnson (USDA - ARS Grassland, Soil and Water Research Lab)A major challenge facing the world is the growing demand for energy and the negative consequences of increased energy use on the environmental condition of the biosphere. In particular, increased atmospheric CO2 resulting from fossil fuel use is thought to be a major driver of climate change. Biofuels are one promising path for sustainable replacement of fossil fuels that may minimize anthropogenic climate change. However, biomass accumulation is constrained by physiological processes as well as environmental conditions, and productivity is very likely to be directly limited by increased drought stress associated with future climate change. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been championed as one promising biofuel species. Despite a long history of field trials and agronomic development, surprisingly little is known about the basic stress physiology of switchgrass and few genomic tools have been developed to facilitate its improvement. This project explores the physiological and genomic responses of Panicum to environmental conditions as predicted under current climate models. The project includes screens of switchgrass germplasm, genetic mapping of physiological traits, genomic and ecological studies of responses to field imposed drought stress, and modeling of switchgrass performance under future climate change.This research will expand the knowledge and tools needed to fully develop switchgrass as a biofuel crop as well as facilitate ongoing efforts to engineer crops for higher performance under drought conditions, one of the major limitations in agricultural productivity worldwide. In addition, the project will train the next generation of biofuels researchers through a novel undergraduate science training program, the Freshman Research Initiative (FRI), at the University of Texas - Austin. The FRI program involves the development of a multiple semester "research stream" for undergraduate students. Each research stream immerses young scientists in both the "big ideas" and the everyday tools needed to be a successful researcher, using a combination of traditional coursework, hands-on training, independent research, and close interaction with faculty mentors. This project will develop a new FRI stream on the "Biology of Biofuels" incorporating content and research projects on plant physiology, genetics/genomics, plant breeding, environmental biology, and climate change under the umbrella of switchgrass as a model biofuel. All data will be available through the project website and long-term through established data repositories (Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/; NCBI Short Read Archive, SRA, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=sra) as well as through Gramene (www.gramene.org). Germplasm will be made available through the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/). The results of this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international meetings.

PI：托马斯E. Juenger（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）CoPI：克莉丝汀霍克斯（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校），蒂莫西H。Keitt（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）和Philip A. Fay（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校/美国农业部- ARS草地，土壤和水研究实验室）Kiniry和Mari-Vaughan约翰逊（美国农业部- ARS草原，土壤和水研究实验室）世界面临的一个主要挑战是不断增长的能源需求和能源使用增加对生物圈环境条件的负面影响。特别是，化石燃料的使用导致大气中二氧化碳的增加被认为是气候变化的主要驱动力。生物燃料是可持续替代化石燃料的一条有希望的道路，可以最大限度地减少人为气候变化。然而，生物量的积累受到生理过程和环境条件的限制，生产力很可能直接受到与未来气候变化相关的干旱胁迫增加的限制。柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum）是一种很有前途的生物燃料物种。 尽管田间试验和农艺学发展的历史很长，但令人惊讶的是，人们对柳枝稷的基本胁迫生理学知之甚少，并且很少有基因组工具被开发出来以促进其改进。该项目探讨了当前气候模型预测的黍属植物对环境条件的生理和基因组反应。该项目包括柳枝稷种质筛选、生理性状遗传图谱、田间干旱胁迫反应的基因组和生态学研究，以及未来气候变化下柳枝稷表现的建模。这项研究将扩大充分开发柳枝稷作为生物燃料作物所需的知识和工具，并促进正在进行的在干旱条件下提高作物表现的工程努力，这是全球农业生产力的主要限制之一。 此外，该项目还将通过德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的一个新的本科生科学培训项目--新生研究计划（FRI），培训下一代生物燃料研究人员。FRI计划涉及为本科生开发多学期的“研究流”。每个研究流沉浸在年轻科学家的“大想法”和日常工具需要是一个成功的研究人员，使用传统的课程，动手培训，独立研究，并与教师导师密切互动的组合。该项目将在“生物燃料生物学”方面开发一个新的FRI流，在柳枝稷作为生物燃料模型的保护伞下，纳入植物生理学、遗传学/基因组学、植物育种、环境生物学和气候变化方面的内容和研究项目。所有数据将通过项目网站提供，并通过已建立的数据储存库长期提供（基因表达综合资料库，GEO，http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/; NCBI短读档案，SRA，http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? db=sra）以及Gramene（www.gramene.org）。将通过美国农业部国家植物种质系统（http：//www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/）提供种质。这项研究的结果将发表在同行评审的期刊上，并在国际会议上发表。