Proteins Altered in Maize Hybrids Exhibiting Different Levels of Heterosis

表现出不同水平杂种优势的玉米杂交种中蛋白质的改变

• 批准号: 0922769
• 负责人: Kathleen Newton
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922769&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Proteins; Altered; Maize; Hybrids; Exhibiting

PI: Kathleen J. Newton (University of Missouri, Columbia)CoPI: Brian P. Mooney (University of Missouri, Columbia)Cross-breeding of inbred varieties within a species often leads to more vigorous and higher-yielding hybrid offspring. The phenomenon of hybrid vigor (heterosis) has been harnessed by plant breeders to improve world food production, but the underlying mechanism is still undefined. Despite several investigations showing that expression of many genes change in hybrids, the changes that are most important for the heterotic response have not yet been identified. Heterosis is especially prevalent in corn (maize). Progeny from crosses between different inbred maize lines can vary in the extent of vigor observed. To increase vigor and yield, the bioenergetic processes of photosynthesis and respiration must be optimized. Therefore, the hypothesis is that mitochondrial respiration plays an important role in heterosis. This project will examine maize hybrids exhibiting low, medium, and high heterosis to identify specific proteins whose amounts are altered with the magnitude of heterosis. Quantitative experiments based on proteomics techniques will identify the protein targets that are changed in the different hybrids. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry will be used to identify and quantify the proteins. The expected outcome will be discovery of the molecules and machinery that underlie heterosis, as well as identification of validated protein markers for heterosis. The ultimate impact of the research is related to crop improvement and it is hoped that the proteins identified will become specific targets for improving the productivity of crop plants. Successful identification of target proteins and bioenergetic processes that are consistently increased in moderate and high level heterotic hybrids will provide major clues as to the underlying molecular and biochemical explanations for the phenomenon. All the results from the project will become publicly available on a dedicated University of Missouri website and NCBI-peptidome (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/peptidome/). Additionally, this project will provide integration of research and education at several levels. Training and mentoring of a postdoctoral associate and multiple undergraduates will be provided. A "capstone" course in plant genomics will be developed for undergraduates. Educational outreach will include instruction for high school teachers and students in Missouri. Communication with the general public about issues in plant genomics and proteomics, including the topic of heterosis, will occur in two venues: the popular "Saturday Morning Science" lecture series held at the University and in "science café" discussions off-campus.

PI: Kathleen J. Newton（哥伦比亚密苏里大学）CoPI: Brian P. Mooney（哥伦比亚密苏里大学）一个物种内的自交系品种的杂交通常会产生更有活力和更高产量的杂交后代。杂种优势现象已被植物育种家利用来提高世界粮食产量，但其潜在机制尚不明确。尽管一些研究表明，许多基因的表达在杂交种中发生了变化，但对杂种优势反应最重要的变化尚未被确定。杂种优势在玉米中尤为普遍。不同自交系之间杂交的后代在所观察到的活力程度上可能不同。为了提高活力和产量，必须优化光合作用和呼吸作用的生物能量过程。因此，假设线粒体呼吸作用在杂种优势中起重要作用。本项目将研究表现出低、中、高杂种优势的玉米杂交种，以确定其数量随杂种优势程度而改变的特定蛋白质。基于蛋白质组学技术的定量实验将确定不同杂交体中发生变化的蛋白质靶点。二维凝胶电泳和液相色谱耦合质谱法将用于鉴定和定量蛋白质。预期的结果将是发现杂种优势的分子和机制，以及鉴定杂种优势的有效蛋白质标记。该研究的最终影响与作物改良有关，希望鉴定的蛋白质将成为提高作物生产力的特定靶点。成功鉴定中高水平杂交种中持续增加的靶蛋白和生物能量过程将为这一现象的潜在分子和生化解释提供重要线索。该项目的所有结果将在密苏里大学的专门网站和NCBI-peptidome （http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/peptidome/）上公开。此外，该项目将在几个层面上提供研究和教育的整合。将为一名博士后和多名本科生提供培训和指导。将为本科生开设植物基因组学的“顶点”课程。教育拓展将包括对密苏里州高中教师和学生的指导。与公众就植物基因组学和蛋白质组学的问题，包括杂种优势的话题进行交流，将在两个场所进行：在大学举行的“星期六上午科学”系列讲座和校外的“科学咖啡馆”讨论。