MRI: Acquisition of a State-of-the-Art X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer for Research, Training and Education

0923246Bartynski罗格斯大学New Brunswick技术概要： X射线光电子能谱（XPS）被广泛用作确定材料近表面区域性质的分析技术。材料表面处或附近的原子的芯能级结合能的变化可以揭示氧化态、表面电势或能带弯曲、化学或物理不均匀性或动态响应（即，筛选），其不同于材料本体的那些。 然而，越来越多的现代应用采用横向不均匀的复杂结构的材料，因此以空间分辨的方式执行XPS、沿着高光子通量和高能量分辨率是关键的。 例如，目前在罗格斯大学活跃的研究领域包括研究：（i）用于室温自旋电子学的过渡金属离子及其在ZnO中的扩散，（ii）有机单晶表面的表面改性，（iii）用于增强生物分子成像的新型纳米晶体的表面官能化和表征，（iv）用于细胞和相关生物活性研究的等离子体处理和化学改性的聚合物膜的表面表征，以及（v）纳米级自组装固态系统的界面性质。 罗格斯大学表面改性实验室（LSM）是一个多学科研究中心，拥有一整套用于检查表面，界面，薄膜和纳米材料的设施，并与世界各地最先进的研究和开发实验室有着密切的合作。 我们的工具套件中的一个差距是缺乏一个现代的高分辨率XPS系统，可以充分解决现代材料系统研究中的关键问题。本提案中要求的最先进仪器将取代一台使用了20年的机器，并将通过在进行高分辨率横向成像和深度剖面分析的同时进行高能量分辨率研究，大大加强我们的能力。这些特征是罗格斯大学内部以及区域社区的各种研究和教育活动的核心。非技术性总结：材料通过其表面与周围环境相互作用。 通常情况下，表面原子的化学或物理环境与本体原子的化学或物理环境显著不同。探测表面性质的一种有效方法是将材料暴露于特定波长的X射线下，并研究从表面发射的电子。 由于只有来自表面的第一个或两个纳米的电子能够逃离材料，这种技术是非常表面敏感的。此外，这些电子以明确定义的能量逃逸，不仅取决于原子种类，而且还表现出取决于原子环境的微小变化。 对这些电子的研究，称为X射线光电子能谱（XPS），使人们能够确定这些近表面原子的化学和物理状态。 在现代材料系统中，例如用于增强生物系统成像的纳米级晶体，或完全由有机分子制成的潜在革命性半导体，表面一个区域的原子环境可能与另一个区域不同。 因此，以空间分辨的方式进行XPS研究至关重要。罗格斯大学表面改性实验室（LSM）是一个多学科研究中心，拥有一整套用于检查表面，界面，薄膜和纳米材料的设施，并与世界各地最先进的研究和开发实验室有着密切的合作。 我们的工具套件中的一个差距是缺乏一个现代的高分辨率XPS系统，可以充分解决现代材料系统研究中的关键问题。本提案中要求的最先进仪器将取代一台使用了20年的机器，并将通过在进行高分辨率横向成像和深度剖面分析的同时进行高能量分辨率研究，大大加强我们的能力。这些功能是中央罗格斯大学以及区域社区内的各种研究和教育活动。

0923246BartynskiRutgers U. New BrunswickTechnical Summary: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used as an analytical technique to determine the nature of the near-surface region of a material. Shifts in the core level binding energies of atoms at or near the surface of a material can reveal changes in oxidation state, surface potential or band bending, chemical or physical inhomogeneity, or dynamic response (i.e., screening) that are distinct from those of the bulk of the material. However, a growing number of modern applications employ materials in complicated structures that are laterally inhomogeneous and thus it is critical to perform XPS in a spatially resolved manner, along with high photon flux, and high energy resolution. Examples, that are currently active research areas at Rutgers include the study of: (i) transition metal ions and their diffusion in ZnO for room temperature spintronics, (ii) surface modification of organic single crystal surfaces, (iii) surface functionalization and characterization of novel nanocrystals used to enhance biomolecule imaging, (iv) surface characterization of plasma-treated and chemically-modified polymer films for cellular and related bioactivity studies, and (v) interface properties of nanoscale self-assembled solid state systems. The Rutgers Laboratory for Surface Modification (LSM) is a multidisciplinary research center that hosts a comprehensive set of facilities used to examine surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and nanoscale materials, and has strong collaborations with state-of-the-art research and development laboratories around the world. A gap in our suite of tools is lack of a modern high resolution XPS system that can adequately address the key issues in the study of modern materials systems. The state-of-the-art instrumentation requested in this proposal would replace a 20-year-old machine and will significantly strengthen our capabilities by enabling high energy resolution studies, in parallel with high resolution lateral imaging and depth profiling. These features are central to the diverse research and education activities both within Rutgers as well as the regional community.Non-Technical Summary: Materials interact with their surroundings through their surfaces. Very often, the chemical or physical environment of surface atoms is significantly different from those of the bulk A powerful way to probe surface properties is to expose a material to X-rays of a specific wavelength and study the electrons that are emitted from surface. As only electrons that originate from the first one or two nanometers of the surface are able to escape the material, this technique is very surface sensitive. Moreover, these electrons escape with well-defined energies that not only depend upon the atomic species, but also exhibit small variations depending on the environment of the atom. The study of these electrons, known as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), enables one to determine the chemical and physical state of these near-surface atoms. In modern materials systems, such as nanoscale crystals used to enhance imaging of biological systems, or potentially revolutionary semiconductors made entirely of organic molecules, the atomic environment in one region of the surface can differ from that of another region. Therefore, it is critical to perform XPS studies in a spatially resolved manner. The Rutgers Laboratory for Surface Modification (LSM) is a multidisciplinary research center that hosts a comprehensive set of facilities used to examine surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and nanoscale materials, and has strong collaborations with state-of-the-art research and development laboratories around the world. A gap in our suite of tools is lack of a modern high resolution XPS system that can adequately address the key issues in the study of modern materials systems. The state-of-the-art instrumentation requested in this proposal would replace a 20-year-old machine and will significantly strengthen our capabilities by enabling high energy resolution studies, in parallel with high resolution lateral imaging and depth profiling. These features are central to the diverse research and education activities both within Rutgers as well as the regional community.