Role of Oxalic Acid and Reactive Oxygen in Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Disease Development

草酸和活性氧在菌核病发展中的作用

• 批准号: 0923918
• 负责人: Martin Dickman
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M AgriLife Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0923918&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Oxalic; Acid; Reactive; Oxygen

Intellectual Merit Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an omnivorous fungal plant pathogen with an extremely broad host range capable of producing devastating losses in economically important food crops, including soybeans, dry beans, canola and potato among many others. Over 400 species of plants are susceptible to this pathogen. Currently, there are no adequate resistance strategies against Sclerotinia diseases (culturally or chemically) and breeding for resistance to this fungus has not been successful. Annual losses of crops from diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum in the U.S. are in the multimillion dollar range. The fact that Sclerotinia is aggressive, broad in its host range, poorly controlled and causes significant economical damage, coupled with the lack of resistant cultivars necessitates the development of alternative control strategies. A molecular based mechanistic approach will be used in this project to understand why the fungus is so successful; in particular the project will examine the roles that reactive oxygen species and oxalic acid play as key modulators of fungal disease. The project is supported by recent observations that demonstrated that fungal secreted oxalate induces a programmed cell death in the plant host and recapitulates S. sclerotiorum disease symptoms. Similarly oxalic acid induces increased reactive oxygen species levels in the plant which correlate with, and are necessary for, programmed cell death and disease. Results from these studies will provide information for alternative disease control strategies based on interference with these key fungal pathogenicity determinants.Broader Impact The experiments described in this project offer broad and comprehensive training for students encompassing a number of fields. Current approaches include microbiology, plant pathology, plant biology, high throughput gene silencing screens, molecular biology and genetics. The mechanisms underlying fungal induced plant disease are both fundamental and of practical importance. This is particularly noteworthy since food safety, food contamination and food security are critically important issues nationally and internationally. This is compounded by Sclerotinia diseases since control measures (genetic and chemical) are largely ineffective. This research program will provide a unique and interdisciplinary training opportunity for a graduate student, postdoctoral fellows, and undergraduate students to participate in a critical area of stress signalling and cell death regulation, while conceptually addressing broader conceptual ideas as to how this particular group of important plant pathogens achieves pathogenic success. The project also supports summer research activities for students from Hispanic Serving Institutions and a Land Grant University in Texas.

菌核菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）是一种杂食性植物真菌病原体，具有极其广泛的寄主范围，能够对经济上重要的粮食作物造成毁灭性损失，包括大豆、干豆、油菜和马铃薯等。超过400种植物对这种病原体敏感。目前，对菌核病没有足够的抗性策略（文化上或化学上），对这种真菌的抗性育种也没有成功。在美国，每年因菌丝病引起的农作物损失高达数百万美元。由于菌核菌具有侵略性，寄主范围广，防治不力，造成重大经济损失，再加上缺乏抗性品种，需要开发替代防治策略。在这个项目中，将使用基于分子的机制方法来理解为什么真菌如此成功；特别是，该项目将研究活性氧和草酸作为真菌疾病的关键调节剂的作用。该项目得到了最近观察结果的支持，这些观察结果表明，真菌分泌的草酸盐诱导植物寄主的程序性细胞死亡，并重现菌丝病症状。同样，草酸诱导植物中活性氧水平的增加，这与程序性细胞死亡和疾病相关，并且是必要的。这些研究的结果将为基于干扰这些关键真菌致病性决定因素的替代疾病控制策略提供信息。更广泛的影响本项目中描述的实验为学生提供了涵盖多个领域的广泛而全面的训练。目前的研究方法包括微生物学、植物病理学、植物生物学、高通量基因沉默筛选、分子生物学和遗传学。真菌诱导植物病害的机制是基本的和具有实际意义的。这一点尤其值得注意，因为食品安全、食品污染和粮食保障是国家和国际上极其重要的问题。由于控制措施（遗传和化学）在很大程度上是无效的，这使核菌核病更加严重。该研究项目将为研究生、博士后和本科生提供一个独特的跨学科培训机会，参与压力信号和细胞死亡调控的关键领域，同时从概念上解决更广泛的概念概念，如这组重要的植物病原体如何实现致病成功。该项目还支持来自西班牙裔服务机构和德克萨斯州土地赠款大学的学生的暑期研究活动。