CMG: Multiscale Modeling of Urban Atmospheres in a Changing Climate

CMG：气候变化中城市大气的多尺度建模

• 批准号: 0934592
• 负责人: Alex Mahalov
• 金额: $ 77.5万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0934592&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CMG; Multiscale; Modeling; Urban; Atmospheres

This project will develop models to simulate the urban atmosphere and its interaction with ambient climate and atmospheric circulation occurring on spatial scales which are much larger than cities. The research will consider both the downscale influence of large-scale atmospheric conditions on urban-scale weather and climate, and the upscale influences of cities on the regions surrounding them. Upscale influences will be studied on a variety of spatial scales, from the effect of urban heat islands on the countryside downwind of a city to the aggregate effect of all urban areas on global climate. In the case of downscale influences, the goal is to develop models which explicitly represent the urban landscape, including the thermal, hydrological, and radiative properties of paved and built urban surfaces, and the surface drag exerted on the wind by "street canyons". Urban effects will be simulated by creating nested modeling systems, in which microscale models to represent urban areas are incorporated into mesoscale models which represent larger regions, which may be further incorporated into global models. Research on the upscale effects of urban areas will develop strategies to represent urban areas through "parameterizations", in which the net effects of urban landscapes are approximated in computationally tractable ways in global models with relatively coarse resolution.The modeling capability developed in this project will directly benefit decision makers addressing issues relating to urban pollution, human comfort, and the effects of climate change on urban areas. The project will also train graduate students and early career scientists to undertake interdisciplinary computational studies of complex urban systems and conduct policy discussions of the results of their research.

该项目将开发模型，模拟城市大气及其与环境气候和大气环流在比城市大得多的空间尺度上的相互作用。 该研究将考虑大尺度大气条件对城市尺度天气和气候的小尺度影响，以及城市对周围地区的大尺度影响。 将在各种空间尺度上研究高尺度影响，从城市热岛对城市下风向农村的影响到所有城市地区对全球气候的总体影响。 在下尺度影响的情况下，目标是开发明确表示城市景观的模型，包括铺设和建造的城市表面的热，水文和辐射特性，以及“街道峡谷”对风施加的表面阻力。 将通过建立嵌套模型系统来模拟城市效应，其中将代表城市地区的微尺度模型纳入代表较大区域的中尺度模型，后者可能进一步纳入全球模型。 对城市地区高档影响的研究将开发通过“参数化”来代表城市地区的策略，其中城市景观的净影响在具有相对粗糙分辨率的全球模型中以计算上易于处理的方式近似。该项目开发的建模能力将直接有利于决策者解决与城市污染，人类舒适，以及气候变化对城市地区的影响。 该项目还将培训研究生和早期职业科学家对复杂的城市系统进行跨学科计算研究，并对其研究结果进行政策讨论。