US Support for the International START Secretariat

国际削减战略武器条约秘书处将以协调活动为目标，主要是使区域范围的全球变化研究、观察、评估和能力建设成为可能，并将其纳入国际科学和政策努力。目标将是：(1)推进与美国全球变化研究计划（USGCRP）关于区域和次区域尺度上全球环境变化的原因、后果和应对策略的战略研究问题直接相关的知识和观测信息，重点是发展中国家地区；(2)通过被国家、区域和国际利益相关者认可的具有显著性、可信性和合法性的区域和次区域评估，加强对政策应对的科学投入；(3)加强发展中国家研究、观测和评估与国际研究、观测和评估项目的整合；(4)促进上述所有领域的国际合作，包括增加美国科学家和机构的参与；(5)维持和提高实现上述所有目标的人力和机构能力，后一目标是所有其他目标的组成部分。为支持这些目标，本秘书处将开展的协调活动包括发起和提供科学管理支持，以支持：(a)现有的合作研究和观测计划和项目，这些计划和项目涉及多个机构和国家，并解决区域科学优先事项；(b)区域评估，让来自科学、政策、民间社会和私营部门社区的利益攸关方参与，以解决区域政策优先事项；(c)科学驱动的能力建设项目。后者将包括对早期职业科学家、博士后奖学金计划、会议、培训讲习班、研究生和本科生课程开发、参与研究、观察和评估计划以及加强和维护区域研究中心网络的小额赠款；START还将作为START？美国在发展中国家地区的合作伙伴和参与者，以及参与美国全球变化研究计划的机构，以及地球系统科学伙伴关系（ESSP）等国际计划和组织；世界气候研究计划（WCRP）；国际地圈-生物圈计划；全球变化研究的人文维度国际项目；Diversitas，致力于生物多样性科学的全球变化项目；以及政府间气候变化项目（IPCC）。

The International START Secretariat will target its coordination of activities, targeted primarily to enable regional-scale global change research, observation, assessment, and capacity building, and their integration into international science and policy efforts. The objectives will be to: (1) advance knowledge and observational information that is directly relevant to strategic research questions of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) about global environmental change causes, consequences, and response strategies at regional and sub-regional scales, with an emphasis on developing country regions; (2) enhance scientific input to policy responses through regional and sub-regional assessments that are recognized by national, regional and international stakeholders as having salience, credibility, and legitimacy; (3) improve integration of developing country research, observation and assessment with international research, observation, and assessment programs; (4) promote international collaboration for all the above, including increasing the participation of U.S. scientists and institutions; and (5) sustain and increase human and institutional capacity for all the above, the latter objective being integral to all the others.The coordination activities to be performed by this Secretariat in support of these objectives include initiation and provision of scientific management support for: (a) existing collaborative research and observation programs and projects that engage multiple institutions and countries and address regional science priorities; (b) regional assessments that engage stakeholders from science, policy, civil society and private sector communities to address regional policy priorities; and (c) science-driven capacity building programs. The latter will encompass small grants for early career scientists, postdoctoral fellowship programs, conferences, training workshops, graduate and undergraduate curriculum development, participation in research, observation, and assessment programs, and enhancement and maintenance of a network of regional research centers;START will also act as a liaison between START?s partners and participants in developing country regions and the agencies that participate in the U.S. Global Change Research Program, well as with international programs and organizations such as the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP); the World Climate Research Program (WCRP); the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program; the International Program on the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research (IHDP); Diversitas, the global change program dedicated to biodiversity science; and the Intergovernmental Program on Climate Change (IPCC).