EAGER: Electronic End-to-End Independently Verifiable (E2E) Voting Systems

EAGER：电子端对端独立可验证（E2E）投票系统

• 批准号: 0937267
• 负责人: Poorvi Vora
• 金额: $ 19.94万
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0937267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Electronic; End; Independently; Verifiable

Abstract:This research explores the development of an electronic voting protocol with two key properties. First, the protocol will produce an end-to-end independently verifiable (E2E) election outcome; that is, the verifiability properties of the protocol will apply not to the outputs of individual voting system components, but to the final system output: the tally, and its relationship to the system inputs: the votes. Second, the protocol will be incoercible; that is, a voter will be unable to provide convincing evidence to a coercer (wishing to force or bribe the voter to vote in a certain manner) of how the voter voted. Existing E2E protocols are paper-based and hence difficult to administer. This research draws on cryptographic primitives (implicit and explicit in the paper-based protocols) to develop an electronic protocol. It defines and rigorously proves protocol properties, using the techniques of cryptographic proofs. The protocols are implemented to obtain testable prototypes, and made available to the community through an open-source software release. Preliminary results about the usability of the prototypes are also obtained. An electronic E2E protocol is anticipated to have significant impact on deployed voting systems; election officials have repeatedly requested electronic protocols over those that are paper-based, as the former are easier to administer and to make accessible to voters with differing needs.

摘要：这项研究探索了一种具有两个关键属性的电子投票协议的开发。首先，该协议将产生端到端可独立核查(E2E)的选举结果；也就是说，该协议的可核查特性将不适用于各个投票系统组件的输出，而适用于最终系统输出：计票及其与系统输入的关系：选票。其次，该协议将是不可强制的；也就是说，选民将无法向胁迫者(希望强迫或贿赂选民以某种方式投票)提供令人信服的证据，说明选民如何投票。现有的E2E协议是纸质的，因此很难管理。本研究利用密码学原语(纸质协议中的隐式和显式)来开发一种电子协议。它使用密码学证明技术定义并严格证明协议的性质。这些协议的实现是为了获得可测试的原型，并通过开放源码软件版本提供给社区。对样机的可用性也得到了初步的结果。电子E2E协议预计将对已部署的投票系统产生重大影响；选举官员一再要求电子协议胜过纸质协议，因为前者更易于管理，也更便于不同需要的选民使用。