RAPID: Secure Bulletin Boards and Absentee Voting in Real-World Independently-Verifiable Elections

2009年11月，马里兰州塔科马公园市举行了第一次可独立核实的无记名投票公共选举，创造了选举历史。在世界上任何地方，选民都可以首次使用“诚信投票”系统独立审核无记名投票的政府选举。本项目对2009年Takoma公园使用的系统进行了两个方面的改进。首先，它提供了一个缺席投票协议Remotegrity，使缺席选民能够从系统中受益。S可验证性属性。该协议被设计得足够简单，可以在现实世界的公开选举中使用。使用加密证明技术严格定义和证明协议属性。其次，采用基于复合组件的操作系统，提高了选举网站的安全性，奠定了安全的基础。网站通过动态减少不同客户端的相互暴露来适应故障和妥协，从而防止数据损坏和资源匮乏。该研究提供了一种安全的选举公告板的详细设计，超越了对所使用的加密协议的抽象描述，减少了公告板的安全漏洞。特别是，它使公告板不容易受到恶意客户更改已发布的数字选举审计线索或发起大规模拒绝服务攻击的攻击。这项研究非常紧迫，因为它正被考虑用于2011年11月马里兰州塔科马公园市选举委员会和市议会的市政选举。

The City of Takoma Park, MD made election history in November 2009 by holding the first independently-verifiable secret-ballot public election. Voters could, for the first time anywhere in the world, independently audit a secret-ballot governmental election using the Scantegrity voting system. This project improves on two aspects of the system used by Takoma Park in 2009. First, it provides an absentee voting protocol, Remotegrity, which enables absentee voters to benefit from the system?s verifiability properties. The protocol is designed to be simple enough for use in a real-world public election. Protocol properties are defined and proven rigorously, using the techniques of cryptographic proofs. Second, it improves upon the security of the election website by using the Composite component-based OS for a secure foundation. The website adapts to faults and compromises by dynamically decreasing the exposure of different clients to each other, thus preventing data corruption and resource starvation. The research provides a detailed design of a secure bulletin board for elections that goes beyond an abstract description of the cryptographic protocols used, decreasing the security vulnerabilities of the bulletin board. In particular, it makes the bulletin board less vulnerable to attempts by malicious clients to change the posted digital election audit trail or to launch massive denial-of-service attacks. The research is urgent because it is being considered for use in the November 2011 municipal election of the City of Takoma Park, MD, by its Board of Elections and City Council.