Community-Partnered Repatriation of Inupiat Music

该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助。哥伦比亚大学民族音乐学中心保存着收藏家劳拉·博尔顿1946年在阿拉斯加巴罗录制的有价值的伊纳皮亚特(阿拉斯加土著)音乐唱片。共同PIS Fox和Sakakibara博士正与阿拉斯加州巴罗的伊诺皮亚特社区领袖、长老和教育工作者合作，将这些录音(以及印第安纳大学传统音乐档案馆持有的一组相关照片)“送回”，并收集有关这些录音的口述历史重要信息(以及一组最近发现的照片，这些照片是在博尔顿探险期间拍摄的，目前属于印第安纳大学传统音乐档案馆)。通过对长老和社区领袖进行系统的口述历史访谈，讨论录音和照片的内容、意义和今后的适当管理，研究小组正在努力使这些材料对当代伊努皮亚特音乐家和舞者、伊努皮亚特语言和文化教育工作者、录音原创表演者的后代、更广泛的社区以及因纽特人历史和文化学者有用和可用，条件是各方都能接受。研究小组正在与伊诺皮亚特顾问合作，通过创建一个安全和可公开访问的数字资源，将原始录音和照片嵌入到反映伊尼乌皮亚特文化价值观的丰富解释性背景中，为这些录音开发当代应用程序。他们正在帮助以社区为基础的音乐和舞蹈表演团体在这些录音的基础上开发剧目(并探索其他档案收藏)；他们正在与主要的Iñupiaq教育者协商，为这些材料开发语言教学应用程序；他们正在与Iñupiat遗产、语言和文化委员会及同事合作，利用这个项目来模拟社区对其他档案和个人收藏中其他有价值的遗产材料的长期存档需求。重要的是，研究团队正在通过观察我们将这种音乐重新引入社区的效果来记录该项目本身。该项目是“遣返”土著文化遗产资源的一种新的试验性方法的典范。通过明确测试团队提出的合作遣返项目的创新最佳实践，这些项目对土著社区和与这些社区合作的社会科学家都有好处，他们希望展示如何处理美国档案馆和博物馆中数以千计类似的土著文化资源学术收藏，其中许多根本没有被遣返，部分原因是此类档案的历史地位以及目前必须进行遣返的新兴伦理和法律环境往往是难以解决的挑战。除了社区开发的资源，这项研究还将撰写学术文章和一本书，旨在探索该项目对档案工作者、学者和土著社区的影响。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).The Center for Ethnomusicology at Columbia University holds valuable recordings of traditional Iñupiat (Native Alaskan) music recorded in Barrow, Alaska by collector Laura Boulton in 1946. Co-PIs Fox and Dr. Sakakibara are working with Iñupiat community leaders, elders, and educators in Barrow, Alaska to "repatriate" these recordings (and an associated set of photographs held by Indiana University's Archive of Traditional Music), and to collect oral historical important information about the recordings (and an associated set of recently-discovered photographs taken during Boulton's expedition and currently belonging to Indiana University's Archive of Traditional Music). By conducting systematic oral historical interviews with elders and community leaders concerning the contents, significance, and proper future management of the recordings and photographs, the research team is working to make these materials useful and accessible for contemporary Iñupiat musicians and dancers, for Iñupiat language and culture educators, for descendants of the original performers on the recordings, for the broader community, as well as for scholars of Inuit history and culture, under terms acceptable to all parties.Specifically, through this "community partnered" repatriation work, the research team is working with Iñupiat consultants to develop contemporary applications for these recordings through the creation of a secure and publicly accessible digital resource that will embed the original recordings and photographs in a rich explanatory context reflective of Iñupiat cultural values; they are helping community-based music and dance performance groups to develop repertoires based on these recordings (and to explore other archival collections); they are consulting with leading Iñupiaq educators to develop language-teaching applications for the materials; and they are working with the Iñupiat Heritage, Language, and Culture Commission and colleagues to use this project to model the community's longer-term archiving needs for other valuable heritage materials in other archives and personal collections. Importantly, the research team is documenting the project itself through observation of the effects of our reintroduction of this music into the community. This project is a model for a new, experimental, approach to "repatriation" of Native cultural heritage resources. By explicitly testing what the team proposes are innovative best practices for collaborative repatriation projects that benefit both Native communities and social scientists who work with these communities, they hope to demonstrate ways of handling the thousands of similar scholarly collections of Native cultural resources in archives and museums in the United States, many of which have not been repatriated at all in part due to what often appear to be intractable challenges inherent in the historical status of such archives and the emergent ethical and legal climate in which their repatriation must now occur. In addition to community-developed resources, the research will result in scholarly articles and a book intended to explore the implications of the project for archivists, scholars, and Native communities alike.