CubeSat: CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electron, and Magnetic Fields (CINEMA)

CubeSat：用于离子、中性、电子和磁场的 CubeSat（电影院）

• 批准号: 0940313
• 负责人: Robert Lin
• 金额: $ 89万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0940313&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CubeSat; Ions; Neutrals; Electron; Magnetic

The objective of this three-year cross-disciplinary team effort is to build and operate a tiny, so-called CubeSat, spacecraft. CINEMA (CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electron, and Magnetic Fields) is a 3U CubeSat carrying a particle sensor and a magnetometer. The particle instrument is a further development of a particle sensor that was flown on the NASA STEREO mission. The Suprathermal Electrons, Ions, Neutrals (STEIN) instrument is an enhancement of STEREO/STE, including an electrostatic deflector. CINEMA's STEIN instrument will image ring current and substorm injected particles in local time at a cadence as fast as 30 s (spin period), through 4-20 keV (energy range of the bulk of ring current ions) ENA (Energetic Neutral Atom) measurements with high sensitivity and energy resolution (approx. 1 keV). The spin axis and imaging plane of STEIN have been specifically chosen to rapidly image the storm-time asymmetric ring-current pressure distribution that drives the Region 2 currents into the ionosphere (the fundamental M-I coupling mechanism). CINEMA will provide in situ electron and ion measurements extending approximately from 2-4 keV to 100 keV from a single detector. The magnetometer will be supplied by Imperial College. It uses a magneto resistive element and will be deployed on a spring-loaded 1m long boom. An extensive national and international team will contribute to the project. Partners include NASA Ames, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Johns Hopkins University/APL, Kyung-Hee University, Korea, and Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Specifically, KHU will provide a second identical CINEMA spacecraft (in orbit), developed with Korean World Class University (WCU) program funding. The plan is that both spacecraft be launched into high inclination low Earth orbits (LEOs) in 2011 for a one-year nominal science mission. The double CINEMA project will provide unique, high sensitivity ENA mapping and high cadence movies of ring current ENAs in stereo from low earth orbit. It will also make 2-point direct supra-thermal electron and ion measurements in the auroral and ring current precipitation regions and elsewhere in the magnetosphere.Space weather refers to conditions in space that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. Understanding magnetic storms, substorms and particle precipitation are fundamentally important space weather research goals. CINEMA will provide a powerful new capability for high sensitivity and energy resolution imaging from LEO, especially of the azimuthal dependence of the ring current. Azimuthal pressure gradients can drive storm time magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling, and Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS). Ions of these energies are hypothesized to drive the generation of EMIC waves that precipitate MeV-energy "killer" electrons. In addition, the development of the miniature sensors and spinning cubesat system is important for future space weather research conducted by constellations of tens or more, small (cubesat-sized) spacecraft. The project will pursue scientific discovery while providing unique and inspiring educational opportunities. It relies on extensive undergraduate and graduate student involvement through all aspects of the mission. The involvement of students in every area of the project will provide educational benefits at all of the participating institutions. In addition to the hands-on work, the mission will provide material for classes that will serve to motivate students with regard to science and engineering. The new, largely unproven technology involved in cubesat missions, inherently makes the project associated with significant risks. On the other hand, however, the project has tremendous potential to be transformational not only within its own research area but also for the larger field of space science and atmospheric research as well as within aerospace engineering and education. In addition, the project will be one of the first two to carry out a multi-spacecraft CubeSat mission, thus pushing the limit of this emerging technology.

这个为期三年的跨学科团队的目标是建造和运行一个小型的所谓立方体卫星航天器。 CINEMA（CubeSat for Ions，Neutrals，Electron，and Magnetic Fields）是一颗3U CubeSat，携带粒子传感器和磁力计。 粒子仪器是对NASA STEREO使命中飞行的粒子传感器的进一步发展。 超热电子、离子、中性粒子（STEIN）仪器是STEREO/STE的增强型仪器，包括静电偏转器。 CINEMA的STEIN仪器将在当地时间以快至30 s（自旋周期）的节奏对环电流和亚暴注入粒子进行成像，通过4-20 keV（环电流离子的能量范围）ENA（高能中性原子）测量，具有高灵敏度和能量分辨率（约100 keV）。IkeV）。 STEIN的自旋轴和成像平面被专门选择用于快速成像风暴时间不对称环电流压力分布，该压力分布驱动区域2电流进入电离层（基本的M-I耦合机制）。 CINEMA将通过单个探测器提供约2-4 keV至100 keV的原位电子和离子测量。 磁力计将由帝国理工学院提供。 它使用磁阻元件，并将部署在一个弹簧加载的1米长的吊杆上。 一个广泛的国家和国际小组将为该项目作出贡献。合作伙伴包括美国航天局艾姆斯、波多黎各美洲大学、约翰霍普金斯大学/APL、韩国庆熙大学和联合王国伦敦帝国学院。 具体而言，KHU将提供第二个相同的CINEMA航天器（在轨），由韩国世界级大学（WCU）计划资助开发。计划是，这两个航天器将于2011年发射到高倾角低地球轨道（LEO），执行为期一年的名义科学使命。双CINEMA项目将提供独特的、高灵敏度的ENA绘图和来自低地球轨道的立体环电流ENA的高节奏电影。它还将在极光和环电流降水区以及磁层其他地方进行两点直接超热电子和离子测量，空间天气是指可能影响天基和地基技术系统性能和可靠性的空间条件。了解磁暴、亚暴和粒子降水是至关重要的空间气象研究目标。CINEMA将为低地球轨道的高灵敏度和能量分辨率成像，特别是环电流的方位角依赖性成像提供强大的新能力。方位压力梯度可以驱动磁暴时的磁层-电离层耦合和亚极光偏振流（SAPS）。这些能量的离子被假设为驱动EMIC波的产生，EMIC波沉淀出MeV能量的“杀手”电子。此外，微型传感器和旋转立方体卫星系统的开发对于未来由数十个或更多小型（立方体卫星大小）航天器组成的星座进行空间气象研究也很重要。 该项目将追求科学发现，同时提供独特和鼓舞人心的教育机会。它依赖于广泛的本科生和研究生参与使命的各个方面。学生参与该项目的各个领域将为所有参与机构提供教育效益。 除了动手工作，使命将提供材料的类，将有助于激励学生与科学和工程方面。 立方体卫星任务所涉及的新技术基本上未经证实，这本身就使该项目与重大风险联系在一起。 然而，另一方面，该项目具有巨大的潜力，不仅在其自身的研究领域，而且在更大的空间科学和大气研究领域以及航空航天工程和教育领域都具有变革性。此外，该项目将是执行多航天器CubeSat使命的前两个项目之一，从而推动了这一新兴技术的极限。