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EXC 1074: The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI): Structure, Dynamics and Control of Matter at the Atomic Scale

EXC 1074：汉堡超快成像中心 (CUI)：原子尺度物质的结构、动力学和控制

基本信息

批准号：
194651731
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Universität Hamburg
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Clusters of Excellence
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/194651731?language=en
关键词：
EXC 1074 Hamburg Centre Ultrafast

项目摘要

One of the great dream experiments in science is to directly observe atomic motions during a chemical event - that is to watch atoms move apart during a bond breaking process as it happens. Information about this transition state is equally central to understanding biology at its most fundamental level; similar examples of significant impact can be made in areas of condensed matter physics, quantum materials, and AMO physics. Central to the research at the Cluster of Excellence Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) are the new ultrabright x-ray and electron sources, which enable the scientists to observe structural dynamics of matter at the fundamental space-time limits. The main scientific objectives then are: (1) direct observation of transition state processes that unify chemistry and biology at the molecular level; (2) direct resolution of the correlation between structure and function in biological systems; (3) open up protein nanocrystallography and increase the structural basis of biology; (4) demonstration of quantum simulators for many body physics and resolution of mechanism of strongly correlated systems; (5) directly observe nucleation/self assembly at the atomic level to bridge molecular basis to nanotechnology. Some Explanation: The current picture of how to control chemistry is based on semi-empirical methods to calculate the structure of the transition state. The prospect of experimentally resolving transition state structure will have an enormous impact in how we control chemical processes. Similar arguments on impact can be made for determining the correlation between structure and function of biological systems. We currently only have static before and after pictures or at best transient intermediate structures by which we try to understand how proteins direct chemical processes. Another problem to be faced is that there are only a few hundred structures for membrane bound proteins in the protein data bank. These structures are needed at least as starting points to consider drug design. CUI will introduce millions of crystals into the beam lines in rapid succession and then use a programme to collect, sort, and filter the massive amounts of data that will be forthcoming. In condense matter physics and quantum materials, the ultrabright x-ray and electron sources promise to give atomic level details, directly revealing the electron-lattice coupling, even for complex systems. With regard to nanotechnology CUI provides the necessary tools to follow the nucleation phenomena in the growth of nanoparticles and defect formation.

科学中最伟大的梦想实验之一是直接观察化学事件中的原子运动-也就是说，观察原子在键断裂过程中的分离。关于这种过渡态的信息对于理解生物学最基本的水平同样重要;在凝聚态物理学，量子材料和AMO物理学领域可以做出类似的重大影响的例子。卓越汉堡超快成像中心（CUI）研究的核心是新的超亮x射线和电子源，使科学家能够在基本时空极限下观察物质的结构动力学。主要的科学目标是：（1）直接观察在分子水平上统一化学和生物学的过渡态过程;（2）直接解决生物系统中结构和功能之间的相关性;（3）开辟蛋白质纳米结构，增加生物学的结构基础;（4）演示多体物理的量子模拟器和解析强关联系统的机制;（5）在原子水平上直接观察成核/自组装，为分子基础与纳米技术搭建桥梁。说明：目前控制化学的方法是基于半经验方法来计算过渡态的结构。实验解析过渡态结构的前景将对我们如何控制化学过程产生巨大的影响。在确定生物系统的结构和功能之间的相关性时，也可以提出关于影响的类似论点。我们目前只有静态的前后图像，或者充其量是短暂的中间结构，我们试图通过这些结构来理解蛋白质如何指导化学过程。另一个要面对的问题是，在蛋白质数据库中，膜结合蛋白的结构只有几百个。这些结构至少需要作为考虑药物设计的起点。CUI将快速连续地将数百万个晶体引入光束线，然后使用程序收集、分类和过滤即将到来的大量数据。在凝聚态物理和量子材料中，超亮X射线和电子源有望提供原子水平的细节，直接揭示电子-晶格耦合，即使是复杂的系统。在纳米技术方面，CUI提供了必要的工具来跟踪纳米颗粒生长和缺陷形成过程中的成核现象。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（90）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Solid-State Chemistry on the Nanoscale: Ion Transport through Interstitial Sites or Vacancies?

DOI：
10.1002/anie.201507263
发表时间：
2015-11-16
期刊：
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Bothe, Cornelia;Kornowski, Andreas;Weller, Horst
通讯作者：
Weller, Horst

Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5

DOI：
10.1038/nature13875
发表时间：
2014-12-04
期刊：
NATURE
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Mankowsky, R.;Subedi, A.;Cavalleri, A.
通讯作者：
Cavalleri, A.

Fermi condensation near van Hove singularities within the Hubbard model on the triangular lattice.

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.112.070403
发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
Physical review letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
D. Yudin;D. Hirschmeier;H. Hafermann;O. Eriksson;A. Lichtenstein;M. Katsnelson
通讯作者：
D. Yudin;D. Hirschmeier;H. Hafermann;O. Eriksson;A. Lichtenstein;M. Katsnelson

Stabilizing effect of TMAO on globular PNIPAM states: preferential attraction induces preferential hydration.

TMAO 对球状 PNIPAM 态的稳定作用：优先吸引诱导优先水合