EAGER: Development and Study of Compact Thermal Desalination Systems Driven by Solar Energy

该奖项由2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)资助。0941254乔治亚州该项目的重点是对一种利用太阳能进行海水淡化的新方法进行基础理论和实验研究。拟议过程的一个关键要素是使用海水作为工作流体，并保持对太阳能以外的能源的独立性。该工艺的一个新方面是使用高温太阳能集热器流体(~1000°C)，并将蒸汽和发电与热海水淡化组件相结合。多效蒸馏(MED)将与由直接太阳能热输入的蒸汽驱动的封闭动力循环相耦合，这一概念被称为集中式太阳能海水淡化(CSP-DSW)。热工水力装置的性能预测将基于对通道内两相流动的数值模拟，采用格子Boltzmann多相流方法，并采用现实的状态方程。投资促进计划将侧重于设计热力海水淡化系统，该系统最初将用于UIUC的模型验证，然后运往塞浦路斯，并与太阳能收集和涡轮机系统集成。热法海水淡化试验台的设计将能够运行间接和直接海水淡化模式。关于直接海水淡化方法的工作将侧重于利用太阳能收集组件提供的较高温度，以防止盐水污染。尽管它们代表了热力学上的低效和高风险概念，但这些实验系统构成了研究新技术、新材料和验证数值模拟工具不可或缺的试验台。相对紧凑的热海水淡化系统的开发提供了灵活性，并允许采用完全不同的实验方法，这在大型系统中是不可能的。PIS参与了由塞浦路斯政府和欧洲联盟赞助的塞浦路斯研究所的集中式太阳能-海水淡化(CSP-DSW)项目。CSP-DSW是塞浦路斯研究所、伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(UIUC)、塞浦路斯电力局和麻省理工学院(MIT)之间的跨学科合作。就更广泛的影响而言，这个高风险项目有可能指导基于太阳能的工艺的设计，以生产电力和淡水，几乎不产生二氧化碳。塞浦路斯目前有两个海水淡化设施，有兴趣开发这项技术，用于包括地中海地区在内的高太阳通量地区。该项目由国际科学和工程办公室共同资助。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5).0941254GeorgiadisThe focus of this project is to perform the basic theoretical and experimental research for a novel method of water desalination using solar energy. A key element of the proposed process is to use seawater as the working fluid and to maintain independence from sources of energy other than solar. A novel aspect of the process is to employ a high temperature solar collector fluid (~ 1000 °C) and to couple steam and power generation with the thermal desalination component. Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) will be coupled to a closed power cycle driven by steam from a direct solar-thermal input, a concept known as Concentrated Solar Power Desalination of Seawater (CSP-DSW). The prediction of the performance of thermo-hydraulic devices will be based on numerical simulations of two-phase flow in channels using Lattice Boltzmann methods for multiphase flows and employing realistic equations of state. The PIs will focus on the design of a thermal desalination system, which will initially be used for the model verification at UIUC before it is transported to Cyprus and integrated with the solar collection and turbine systems. The thermal desalination test bed will be designed with the ability to operate both indirect and direct desalination modes. The work on the direct desalination methods will focus on exploiting the higher temperatures available from the solar collection component to prevent fouling by the brine. Although they represent thermodynamically inefficient and high-risk concepts, such experimental systems constitute indispensable test beds for the study of new technologies, new materials, and the validation of the numerical simulation tools. The development of a relatively compact thermal desalination system affords flexibility and allows radically different experimental approaches, not possible with large-scale systems. The PIs have been involved in the Concentrated Solar Power ?Desalination of Seawater (CSP-DSW) project of the Cyprus Institute, sponsored by the government of Cyprus and the European Union. CSP-DSW is an interdisciplinary collaboration between the Cyprus Institute, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), the Electricity Authority of Cyprus, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).In terms of the broader impacts, this high-risk project has the potential to guide the design of a solar-based process to produce both electrical energy and freshwater with little CO2 production. Cyprus currently has two desalination facilities, and there is interest in developing this technology for use in regions with high solar flux including the Mediterranean region.This project is co-funded by the Office of International Science and Engineering.