PNWTOX-The Columbia River plume and HABs in the Pacific Northwest: bioreactor, barrier or conduit?

该项目的总体目标是通过利用现有数据和最先进的物理和生物物理模型（首次包括哥伦比亚河（CR）羽流和俄勒冈州和华盛顿州附近潜在的有害藻华源区域）并行，提高我们对西北太平洋（PNW）沿海水域有害藻华（HAB）事件的可预测性，从而提高我们对HAB发展、消散、运输和混合过程的理解。智力优势：本项目将利用由NSF和NOAA共同资助的两项最近完成的、暂时重叠的5年多机构跨学科研究的结果和数据(1)。PNW有害藻华的生态学和海洋学研究；河流对陆架生态系统的影响)，以提高对PNW海岸的有害藻，特别是产毒素的伪耐氏藻（PN）到达的可预测性。这两项研究得出的最重要的结论是，缺乏对CR羽流对跨大陆架和沿大陆架运输和混合的影响的了解，是了解浮游植物，特别是赤潮藻是如何到达沿海海滩的最大障碍。在这个项目中，dr。Hickey、Lessard和美国国家海洋和大气管理局、加州大学圣克鲁斯分校、加拿大海洋科学研究所的合作者将在两个早期研究项目中产生的丰富的互补信息和增强知识的基础上，研究从北部和南部来源向华盛顿海岸的有害藻华的运输和缓解，并将我们的分析扩展到PN以外的物种。待检验的假设包括：1。哥伦比亚河的羽流是一个生物反应器，用于生长，但不产生毒素。在下行风期间，哥伦比亚河的羽流抑制了有毒水花向岸边的传播。在上升风期间，哥伦比亚河的羽流加强了表层以下有毒水华的海岸运输。哥伦比亚河的羽流加强了沿海岸向北传播有毒藻华的能力。更广泛的影响：对沿海贝类资源感兴趣的一大批政府和部落机构（例如华盛顿州鱼类和野生动物部、卫生部、奎鲁特部落）将受益于对有毒伪尼茨氏病可能发生的更好理解，以及预测能力，从而最大限度地减少蛏子和邓内斯蟹的捕捞关闭。关于亚历山大的新信息可能允许管理者缩短典型的年度麻痹性贝类中毒海滩关闭时间。本项目将为1名研究生和1名博士后提供跨学科培训。所讨论的问题将为刚毕业的博士们提供一个极好的机会，以扩大他们在跨学科海岸海洋学方面的培训。

The overall objective of this project is to improve predictability of harmful algal bloom (HAB) events in Pacific Northwest (PNW) coastal waters by advancing our understanding of HAB development, dissipation, transport and mixing processes using existing data in parallel with state of the art physical and bio-physical models that include, for the first time, both the Columbia River (CR) plume and potential HAB source regions off both Oregon and Washington.Intellectual Merit: This project will make use of results and data from two recently completed, temporally overlapping 5-year, multi-institutional, interdisciplinary studies jointly funded by NSF and NOAA (1. The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms in the PNW, and 2. River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems), to improve predictability of arrival of HABs, in particular, toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia (PN), at PNW shores. The overriding conclusion from both studies is that lack of understanding of the effect of the CR plume on cross-shelf and alongshelf transport and mixing is the greatest impediment to understanding how phytoplankton, in particular, HABs, arrive on coastal beaches. In this project, Drs. Hickey, Lessard and collaborators at NOAA, UC Santa Cruz, Canada's Institute of Ocean Sciences will build on the wealth of complementary information and enhanced knowledge generated in the two earlier research programs to study the transport and mitigation of HABs to the Washington coast from both northern and southern sources and extend our analyses to species other than PN. Hypotheses to be tested include:1. The Columbia River plume is a bioreactor for growth but not toxin production.2. During downwelling winds, the Columbia River plume inhibits shoreward transport of toxic blooms.3. During upwelling winds the Columbia River plume enhances shoreward transport of toxic blooms below the surface layer.4. The Columbia River plume enhances northward transport of toxic blooms along the coast. Broader Impacts: A large group of Government and Tribal bodies (e.g., Washington State Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, the Dept. of Health, the Quileute tribe) with interests in coastal shellfish resources will benefit from both the improved understanding of the likely occurrence of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia as well as a forecasting ability so that harvest closures for razor clams and Dungeness crabs can be minimized. New information on Alexandrium may allow managers to shorten the typical annual Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning beach closures. This project will provide interdisciplinary training for one graduate student and one Postdoctoral fellow. The questions addressed will provide an excellent opportunity for newly graduated Ph.D.s to broaden their training in interdisciplinary coastal oceanography.