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Evolutionary novelties in amphibian head development: The roles of FoxN3 and functionally related genes.

两栖动物头部发育的进化新颖性：FoxN3 和功能相关基因的作用。

基本信息

批准号：
194979080
负责人：
Professor Dr. Lennart Olsson
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. Hans-Knöll-Institut
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2010-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/194979080?language=en
关键词：
Evolutionary novelties amphibian head development

项目摘要

The origin of evolutionary novelties is a long-standing issue in evolutionary biology. Changes in developmental processes and mechanisms must underlie novel anatomical structures, but exactly how this works remains a challenging question. We will investigate the role of FoxN3 and functionally related genes for the development of unique larval head skeletal structures and muscles in amphibian larvae of 3 species, a salamander with a carnivorous larva (Ambystoma mexicanum) and tadpoles from two frog species, one in which the larva is a generalised grazer (Bombina orientalis) and one species with a highly specialized mid-water suspension feeding larva (Xenopus laevis). A Morpholinobased knock-down of FoxN3 function was shown to affect several unique larval structures only found in frog tadpoles, such as the elaborate, filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, and the extra mouth structures present as unique novelties in frog tadpoles. How did FoxN3, which is highly conserved in gene structure and protein sequence among different vertebrates, or the genetic network that is it part of, gain these new functions? In a comparative approach, we will analyze amphibian species with drastic differences in larval head anatomy and how their development is regulated by FoxN3, and by genes regulated by or regulating FoxN3. Moreover, by using different histological and molecular-biological techniques, we will investigate the signal cascade in which FoxN3 is embedded and elucidate differences in the pathway of FoxN3 between these distinct species. Based on such detailed empirical data, our aim is to develop a general model for the evolution of anatomical novelties.

进化新事物的起源是进化生物学中一个长期存在的问题。发育过程和机制的变化必然是新的解剖结构的基础，但这究竟是如何起作用的仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。我们将研究FoxN3和功能相关基因在3种两栖动物幼虫、一种具有肉食性幼虫的蝾螈（Ambystoma mexicanum）和两种蛙类蝌蚪（其中一种幼虫是一般食草动物（bomina orientalis））和一种具有高度专业化的水中悬浮食性幼虫（Xenopus laevis）)中独特的幼虫头部骨骼结构和肌肉发育中的作用。FoxN3功能的一种基于morpholin1的敲除被证明会影响仅在蛙蝌蚪中发现的几种独特的幼虫结构，例如滤食所必需的精致的、丝状的鳃篮结构，以及蛙蝌蚪独特的新奇的额外的嘴结构。FoxN3在不同脊椎动物的基因结构和蛋白质序列中是高度保守的，或者它所处的遗传网络是如何获得这些新功能的？在比较的方法中，我们将分析在幼虫头部解剖结构上存在巨大差异的两栖动物物种，以及FoxN3如何调节它们的发育，以及FoxN3调节或调节的基因。此外，通过使用不同的组织学和分子生物学技术，我们将研究FoxN3嵌入的信号级联，并阐明FoxN3在这些不同物种之间通路的差异。基于这些详细的经验数据，我们的目标是为解剖学上的新奇发展建立一个通用模型。