Collaborative Research: LiT: Effects of Temperature and Elevated CO2 Levels on Biomineralization and Metabolic Physiology of Marine Bivalves

项目名称：合作研究：LiT：温度和CO2水平升高对海洋双壳类生物矿化和代谢生理学的影响主要研究者：Inna Sokolova和Elia Beniash项目编号：IOS-0951079和IOS-0951139由二氧化碳（CO2）水平升高驱动的全球气候变化预计将显著改变全球生物多样性。海洋生态系统受到“温室效应”造成的变暖和海水酸化的影响，因为二氧化碳分压升高导致碳酸钙饱和度下降。海洋生物，特别是钙化生物，如珊瑚和软体动物，建立碳酸钙骨骼，受到这些变化的不利影响，但二氧化碳水平升高对其生理和钙化的影响尚不清楚。海洋钙化菌产生两种类型的碳酸钙：文石和方解石。据推测，高海水CO2水平将影响文石生产生物比那些与方解石骨架，因为文石比方解石更可溶。该项目研究了三种常见的北美软体动物物种，它们具有不同的壳矿物：东部牡蛎（方解石），硬壳蛤（文石）和蓝贻贝（混合方解石/文石）。 研究人员将使用最先进的分析，以确定高温和二氧化碳如何影响壳的形成，矿物学，结构和机械性能，以及生存能力，生长，能量代谢和钙化的表达-本研究将为温度和CO2浓度对三种重要的软体动物能量代谢和贝壳钙化的影响提供新的见解，作为沿海生态系统的主要钙化生物以及渔业和水产养殖的关键物种。 拟议的研究还将为海洋碳循环模型提供数据，并帮助预测气候变化对全球海洋生态系统和沿海经济的影响。该项目为本科生、研究生、博士后和K-12学生提供培训机会，通过同伴和实践项目、课程开发改善学习，并将加强匹兹堡大学夏洛特和约翰逊C.史密斯大学。

PROJECT TITLE: Collaborative Research: LiT: Effects of Temperature and Elevated CO2 Levels on Biomineralization and Metabolic Physiology of Marine BivalvesPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Inna Sokolova and Elia BeniashPROJECT NUMBER: IOS-0951079 and IOS-0951139 Global climate change driven by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is expected to significantly change biodiversity worldwide. Marine ecosystems are affected by warming due to the "greenhouse effect" and acidification of seawater, because higher partial pressure of CO2 causes a decrease in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation. Marine organisms, especially calcifiers such as corals and mollusks that build CaCO3 skeletons, are adversely affected by these changes, but effects of elevated CO2 levels on their physiology and calcification are not well understood. Marine calcifiers produce two types of CaCO3: aragonite and calcite. It is hypothesized that high sea water CO2 levels will affect aragonite-producing organisms more than those with calcite skeletons, since aragonite is more soluble than calcite. This project studies three common North American mollusk species with different shell mineralogies: eastern oysters (calcitic), hard shell clams (aragonitic), and blue mussels (mixed calcitic/aragonitic). Investigators will use state-of-the-art analysis to determine how elevated temperature and CO2 affect shell formation, mineralogy, structural and mechanical properties, as well as survivability, growth, energy metabolism and expression of calcification-related genes in these species.This study will provide new insights into the effects of temperature and CO2 level on energy metabolism and shell calcification in three important mollusk species representing the major calcifiers in coastal ecosystems as well as key species for fisheries and aquaculture. The proposed studies will also provide data for the marine carbon cycle models and help to predict effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and coastal economies worldwide. The project provides training opportunities for undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral and K-12 students with improved learning through peer- and hands-on programs, curriculum development and will strengthen collaborations among UNC Charlotte, University of Pittsburgh and Johnson C. Smith University.