Collaborative Research, LiT and MSB: The Changing Diversity and Evolution of Decomposer Fungi in Response to Soil Warming and Nitrogen Additions

LiT 和 MSB 合作研究：分解真菌响应土壤变暖和氮添加的多样性变化和进化

• 批准号: 1021079
• 负责人: Anne Pringle
• 金额: $ 38.88万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021079&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; LiT; MSB; Changing

Fungi are primary decomposers in temperate forests and their activities are important in determining the ability of forest soils to supply nutrients for plant growth and carbon sequestration. Shifts in the abundance, diversity, and activity of fungi are likely to have significant consequences for ecosystem function. Environmental change can have severe impacts on biological diversity, but relatively little is known about how soil fungi are affected, especially as compared to other organism groups. This project examines how soil fungi are affected by climate warming and nitrogen deposition, two important environmental changes in the Northeastern U.S. The specific objectives are to: (1) investigate the effects of chronic soil warming and nitrogen additions on the biodiversity of decomposer fungi; (2) determine if the fungi that grow in warmed or nitrogen-enriched plots persist because they are able to tolerate many different environments or because they have adapted to grow in the new environments of the experimental plots; and (3) examine the relationship between fungal diversity and decomposition in response to warming and nitrogen additions.The proposed research will make a new and fundamental contribution to the understanding of the ecology of soil fungi by examining fungal evolution/adaptation in a global change context. It will also add a great deal to what is known about the biodiversity of decomposer fungi and will provide information on how changes in the fungal community drive decomposition dynamics under conditions of altered temperature and nitrogen availability. Fungi are also emerging as infectious diseases of humans and other organisms. Climate change is clearly playing a role in the appearance of these novel diseases, and this work with a more benign group of fungi will provide data on the general features of fungal evolution in a changed climate. This project also supports the collaboration between project personnel and the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) in the development and distribution of a game that educates children about fungi. Lichens and mushrooms are startlingly beautiful and obvious to even the casual observer. "Fungal Bingo" teaches very young children about the amazing colors and shapes of the fungi they see in their own parks and forests. The partnership with EOL will result in a web-based version of Fungal Bingo that can be assembled automatically from local species lists.

真菌是温带森林中的主要分解者，它们的活动在决定森林土壤为植物生长和固碳提供养分的能力方面很重要。 真菌的丰度、多样性和活动的变化可能对生态系统功能产生重大影响。 环境变化可能对生物多样性产生严重影响，但对土壤真菌如何受到影响知之甚少，特别是与其他生物群体相比。 本研究旨在探讨气候变暖和氮沉降对美国东北部土壤真菌的影响。具体目标是：（1）研究土壤长期变暖和氮沉降对分解真菌生物多样性的影响;（2）确定在温暖或氮气中生长的真菌-丰富的地块持续存在，因为它们能够忍受许多不同的环境，或者因为它们已经适应了在实验地块的新环境中生长;（3）探讨真菌多样性与土壤真菌分解的关系，通过研究全球变化背景下真菌的进化/适应，为理解土壤真菌生态学做出新的和基础性的贡献。 它还将大大增加什么是已知的分解真菌的生物多样性，并将提供有关如何在真菌群落的变化驱动分解动力学的温度和氮的可用性改变的条件下的信息。 真菌也正在成为人类和其他生物体的传染病。 气候变化显然在这些新疾病的出现中发挥了作用，这项对更良性真菌的研究将提供有关气候变化中真菌进化的一般特征的数据。 该项目还支持项目人员与生命百科全书（EOL）合作开发和发行一款教育儿童了解真菌的游戏。地衣和蘑菇是惊人的美丽和明显的，即使是不经意的观察者。 “真菌宾果”教非常年幼的孩子关于他们在自己的公园和森林中看到的真菌的惊人颜色和形状。 与EOL的合作将产生一个基于网络的Fungal Bingo版本，可以从当地物种列表中自动组装。