Social Values in Exchange Networks: An Experimental Test

交换网络中的社会价值：实验测试

• 批准号: 0954791
• 负责人: David Willer
• 金额: $ 13.79万
• 依托单位: University South Carolina Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0954791&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Values; Exchange; Networks; Experimental

SES-0954791David E. WillerUniversity of South CarolinaThis research tests theory that places three contrasting actors: an individualist, prosocial, and competitor in the positions of two exchange networks. Individualists are actors who rationally seek to maximize payoffs only to self. Prosocials are equally rational but seek to maximize payoffs to self and other(s) while minimizing payoff differences. Competitors are also rational actors, but they seek to maximize the difference between payoffs to self and to other(s). Placing all combinations of the three actors in dyads and three-actor power structures generates highly contrasting predictions for interaction processes and outcomes. This research will experimentally test those predictions. BROADER IMPACTS: The broader impact of this research is that if the theory of this proposal is supported, it will reject exchange theory's justification for using only the individualist actor and thereby call for a wide-ranging change in the way that exchange theory is formulated in sociology, game theory and economics.

南卡罗莱纳大学的david E. willer这项研究检验了一种理论，该理论将三个截然不同的参与者：个人主义者、亲社会者和竞争者置于两个交换网络的位置上。个人主义者是理性地寻求只对自己利益最大化的行为者。亲社会者同样是理性的，但他们寻求对自己和他人的最大回报，同时最小化回报差异。竞争对手也是理性的行为者，但他们寻求最大化自己和他人之间的回报差异。将三个角色的所有组合置于二人组和三个角色的权力结构中，会产生对互动过程和结果的高度对比的预测。这项研究将通过实验来验证这些预测。更广泛的影响：本研究的更广泛的影响是，如果这一建议的理论得到支持，它将拒绝交换理论只使用个人主义行动者的理由，从而呼吁在社会学，博弈论和经济学中制定交换理论的方式进行广泛的改变。