MRI-R2: Acquisition of IRMS Instruments for Stable Isotope Analyses of New Geobiological Substrates

该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助。该奖项提供资金购买Delta V Advantage和MAT 253气体比IRMS以及Picarro L1102-i波长扫描腔衰荡光谱仪。 Delta-V质谱仪的研究内容包括：研究古生代大气CO_2中d_13 C与植物组织中d_13 C的关系，对d_13 C化石木材进行微取样，以重建与古环境条件有关的碳分配模式;减少法医材料d_13 C和d_13 N分析的样本量，重点放在爆炸物鉴定上，以便分析材料“污迹"和爆炸残留物;耦合反硝化- N2固定和N2固定微生物对海水碳化学变化的响应;以及在淹没的农田和海绵组织中厌氧氨氧化（厌氧氨氧化）的定量速率。 MAT 253 IRMS要解决的研究课题包括：从天然丰度和标记d_13 C测量的烯酮产生率;东太平洋氨氧化的高分辨率速率;北极沉积物中链长为23、25、27和29的正构烷烃的del-D值;结合反硝化-利用13 C原位标记实验固定N2，以帮助查明负责固定N2的特定生物;对氨基酸进行特定化合物的氮和碳同位素分析，以量化海洋动物的营养水平;可溶性血液成分中的碳同位素作为生物标志物，提供甜味剂、肉类或脂肪消耗的定量指标，这对肥胖和糖尿病的研究很重要，肥胖和糖尿病是夏威夷土著社区日益严重的问题。 Picarro L1102-I WS-CRDS的研究课题包括：太平洋高岛进化地理学、入侵物种的影响、人类活动和气候变化对夏威夷重点物种的影响;量化海底地下水对夏威夷海岸带系统的通量和溶解负荷;以及通过天然示踪剂和航空图像评估地下水进入西夏威夷沿海沃茨的情况。这些工具将支持各级用户（例如，教授，博士后，研究生和本科生）感兴趣的稳定同位素技术，通过新的合作，教学努力，和免费的？种子分析？程序.这些活动将在年度研讨会中达到高潮，所有用户（特别是学生）将在10-15分钟的谈话论坛中介绍其分析结果和影响。由于美国教育部已指定夏威夷大学为夏威夷土著服务机构根据1965年高等教育法第三章，有机会在该计划的少数民族参与者，这些设备提供的能力进行有关夏威夷生态系统及其保护项目。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This award provides funds to purchase a Delta V Advantage and a MAT 253 gas-ratio IRMS, and a Picarro L1102-i Wavelength- Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer. The research topics to be addressed with the Delta-V MS include: the relationship between d_13C in atmospheric CO2 and d_13C in plant tissue grown across the pCO2 levels of the Phanerozoic; Microsampling of d_13C fossil wood, in order to reconstruct patterns of carbon allocation, which relate to paleo-envronmental conditions; Reduction of sample size for d_13C and d_13N analysis of forensic materials, with an emphasis on explosive identification, in order to accommodate the analysis of material ¡§smears¡¨ and explosion residues; Coupled denitrification - N2 fixation and response of N2 fixing microorganisms to changing seawater carbon chemistry; and Quantifying rates of anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) in flooded agricultural fields and marine sponge tissues. The research topics to be addressed with the MAT 253 IRMS include: Alkenone production rate from natural abundance and labeled d_13C measurements; High-resolution rates of ammonia oxidation in the eastern Pacific Ocean; del-D values in n-alkanes of chain length 23, 25, 27 and 29 within Arctic Sediments; Coupled denitrification - N2 fixation using in situ 13C labeling experiments to help identify the specific organisms responsible for the N2 fixation; compound-specific nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses of amino acids to quantify marine animal trophic levels; and carbon isotopes within soluble blood fractions for biomarkers that provide a quantitative index of sweetener, meat or fat consumption, which is important for the study of obesity and diabetes, a growing problem in the Native Hawaiian community. The research topics to be addressed with the Picarro L1102-I WS-CRDS include: Pacific high island evolutionary biogeography, impacts of invasive species, anthropogenic activity and climate change on Hawaiian focal species; quantifying fluxes and dissolved loads of submarine groundwater to Oahu¡¦s coastal zone systems; and assessment of groundwater inputs into coastal waters of West Hawaii via natural tracers and aerial imagery.Broader Impacts:These instruments will support users at every level (e.g., professors, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students) interested in stable isotope techniques, through new collaborations, teaching efforts, and a free ?seed analysis? program. These activities will culminate in an annual symposium, in which all users (particularly students) will present the results and implications of their analyses in a 10-15 minute talk-forum. Because the US Department of Education has designated the University of Hawaii as a Native Hawaiian-Serving Institution under Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, there are opportunities for minority participants in the program, and this equipment provide the capability to conduct projects relevant to Hawaiian ecosystems and their conservation.