Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Unintended Side Effects of Increased DNA Capabilities

博士论文研究：DNA 功能增强的意外副作用

• 批准号: 0961227
• 负责人: Simon Cole
• 金额: $ 1.06万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961227&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Unintended; Side

Forensic DNA analysis has provided swift justice in countless crimes and has proven particularly useful in identifying rapists. Because forensic DNA evidence is especially useful for the investigation of sexual crimes, the development of the new technology has undoubtedly facilitated the prosecution of sexual assaults. Less noticed, however, has been the possibility that unanticipated consequences of the increasing availability of forensic DNA technology may, at the same time, inadvertently discourage the prosecution of sexual assaults, especially in cases of non-stranger/acquaintance rape. The increased likelihood of convictions in rape cases where identity is the issue may shift prosecutorial attention, resources and even enthusiasm towards the prosecution of stranger rather than non-stranger/ acquaintance rape cases. This could potentially retard or even reverse the progress made by the feminist and anti-rape movements of the 1960s and 70s to recognize and prosecute non-stranger/acquaintance rape. This is a study of the social impact of technology on the prosecution of sexual assault cases. A longitudinal analysis of alleged cases of adult rape brought before a U.S. County Attorney's Office over a 14-year time period will help to determine if there are unintended consequences of technology on a crime whose definition is historically malleable and which is, in part, dependent on social stereotypes and commonly held notions of gender appropriate behavior. In addition, in-depth interviews with individuals involved in the legal system's response to rape claims, both in the participant county and the surrounding area will complement the quantitative analysis of rape prosecutions. The researchers seek to measure the impact of technological innovation on the ongoing social construction of the social problem of non-stranger/acquaintance rape.

法医DNA分析在无数的犯罪中提供了迅速的正义，并被证明在识别强奸犯方面特别有用。由于法医DNA证据对性犯罪的调查特别有用，新技术的发展无疑为性侵犯的起诉提供了便利。然而，较少注意到的是，法医DNA技术日益普及所带来的意想不到的后果可能同时无意中阻碍了对性攻击的起诉，特别是在非陌生人/熟人强奸案件中。在涉及身份问题的强奸案中，定罪的可能性增加，这可能会使检察官的注意力、资源甚至热情转向起诉陌生人而不是非陌生人/熟人的强奸案。这可能会阻碍甚至逆转20世纪60年代和70年代女权主义和反强奸运动在承认和起诉非陌生人/熟人强奸方面取得的进展。这是一项关于技术对性侵犯案件起诉的社会影响的研究。对美国县检察官办公室在14年时间内提起的成人强奸指控案件进行纵向分析，将有助于确定技术对犯罪的非预期后果，其定义具有历史可塑性，部分取决于社会刻板印象和普遍持有的性别适当行为的概念。此外，在参与州和周边地区与参与法律的系统对强奸指控作出反应的个人进行深入访谈，将补充对强奸起诉的定量分析。研究人员试图衡量技术创新对非陌生人/熟人强奸社会问题的持续社会建设的影响。