AHRC-NSF MOU: The Impact of Transitional Justice on Human Rights and Democracy

AHRC-NSF 谅解备忘录：过渡时期司法对人权和民主的影响

• 批准号: 0961226
• 负责人: Kathryn Sikkink
• 金额: $ 31.1万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961226&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AHRC; NSF; MOU; Impact; Transitional

The Impact of Transitional Justice on Human Rights and DemocracyWhen, how, and why does transitional justice strengthen democracy and deter human rights violations? This project explores those questions using statistical and case study analyses of human rights trials, truth commissions, and amnesties in countries transitioning from authoritarian rule since 1970. It aims to build theory to explain the success of these mechanisms, resolve existing contradictory results on success, train researchers working in this field, and contribute to successful international and domestic policies on transitional justice, democracy, and human rights.The two researchers' previous projects produced contradictory results. Kathryn Sikkink's research team at the University of Minnesota found that trials achieve success on human rights. Leigh Payne's research team based at the University of Oxford concurs that trials are essential to improvements in human rights and democracy, but only when combined with amnesties or amnesties and truth commissions. To reconcile results, the researchers plan to merge their data bases to find discrepancies, develop common definitions, and provide more nuanced categories of types of mechanisms. The result of the merger is to develop a publicly accessible data base to be used to develop transitional justice theory and policies. The theoretical framework the researchers plan to develop involves three explanations for the success of trials. Existing theory claims that trials should have a deterrence effect through judicial enforcement, the expansion of human rights norms and socialization processes, and the development of rule of law systems. The researchers will further explore the success of trials in relationship with amnesties and truth commissions to further develop a justice balance theoretical approach. The research is directly engaging with the factors that facilitate countries in their transition from open conflict to peace and stability. It incorporates the advanced training of young scholars and graduate students in quantitative and qualitative research methods. The researchers will make the resultant data base publicly accessible in order to provide the opportunity for further transitional justice research by other scholars and practitioners. The findings for the project will be presented at academic conferences and in scholarly journals, at meetings in international and domestic governmental and non-governmental organizations, and on the project website.Project is coordinated in cooperation with the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) of the United Kingdom

过渡时期司法对人权和民主的影响过渡时期司法何时、如何以及为什么能加强民主和阻止侵犯人权？ 该项目利用1970年以来从独裁统治过渡的国家的人权审判、真相委员会和大赦的统计和案例研究分析来探讨这些问题。 其目的是建立理论来解释这些机制的成功，解决现有的相互矛盾的成功结果，培训在这一领域工作的研究人员，并为成功的国际和国内过渡司法，民主和人权政策做出贡献。两位研究人员以前的项目产生了相互矛盾的结果。 明尼苏达大学的Kathryn Sikkink的研究小组发现，审判在人权方面取得了成功。 Leigh Payne在牛津大学的研究小组同意，审判对改善人权和民主至关重要，但只有与大赦或大赦和真相委员会相结合。 为了协调结果，研究人员计划合并他们的数据库，以找到差异，制定共同的定义，并提供更细致的机制类型类别。 合并的结果是开发一个可供公众访问的数据库，用于制定过渡时期司法理论和政策。研究人员计划开发的理论框架涉及试验成功的三种解释。 现有理论认为，审判应通过司法执行、人权规范和社会化进程的扩大以及法治制度的发展产生威慑作用。 研究人员将进一步探讨与大赦和真相委员会有关的审判的成功，以进一步发展正义平衡理论方法。 这项研究直接涉及促进各国从公开冲突过渡到和平与稳定的因素。它结合了青年学者和研究生在定量和定性研究方法的高级培训。研究人员将公布由此产生的数据库，以便为其他学者和从业人员提供进一步研究过渡时期司法的机会。该项目的研究结果将在学术会议、学术期刊、国际和国内政府和非政府组织的会议上发表，并在项目网站上公布。