AHRC-NSF MOU - Paleoethnobotany and Landscape in the Southwestern Amazon

AHRC-NSF 谅解备忘录 - 亚马逊西南部的古民族植物学和景观

• 批准号: AH/S00128X/1
• 负责人: Bronwen Whitney
• 金额: $ 19.29万
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FS00128X%2F1
• 关键词: AHRC; NSF; MOU; Paleoethnobotany; Landscape

In the upper reaches of the Amazon, earthworks built long before the arrival of Europeans are spread over hundreds of square kilometres of seasonally-flooded savannahs in a region known as the 'Llanos de Mojos'. The Pre-Columbian societies that created and used these earthworks for habitation and agriculture left a permanent imprint on the landscape. Their domestication of these landscapes included forest islands and raised fields, and emerged in the context of crop cultivation over several thousand years. This research uses palaeoethnobotany and landscape archaeology to define the history of combined plant and landscape domestication in the Llanos de Mojos. We propose that cultivation and adoption of specific crops, such as manioc and maize, drove the domestication of these landscapes through altered fire regimes, the development of raised field agriculture and clearance of gallery forests. Forest islands were inhabited by both farmers and cultivated plants. Later, raised fields were built to improve conditions for a wide range of plants. It is suggested that raised fields added flexibility to these agricultural systems allowing more plants to be grown in more places throughout the year. Through strategic landscape sampling, a palaeoecologist from Northumbria University and archaeologists from University of Central Florida will use subsurface cores of lakes and wetlands, stratigraphic excavation of both forest island habitations and raised fields, to obtain complementary datasets that will be used to reconstruct and analyse the long-term agricultural history of the Llanos de Mojos.

在亚马逊的上游，远在欧洲人到来之前建造的土方工程分布在季节性洪水泛滥的大草原上数百平方公里的土地上，该地区被称为Llanos de Mojos。前哥伦布时代的社会创造并使用这些土方工程来居住和农业，在这里留下了永久的印记。他们对这些景观的驯化包括森林岛屿和抬高的田地，并出现在数千年来农作物种植的背景下。这项研究使用古民族植物学和景观考古学来确定莫霍斯大草原植物和景观相结合的驯化历史。我们认为，种植和采用特定的作物，如木薯和玉米，通过改变火灾制度，发展高地农业和清除走廊森林，推动了这些景观的驯化。森林岛屿既有农民居住，也有种植植物居住。后来，修建了隆起的田地，以改善各种工厂的条件。有人建议，高地增加了这些农业系统的灵活性，允许全年在更多的地方种植更多的植物。通过战略景观采样，诺森比亚大学的古生态学家和中佛罗里达大学的考古学家将利用湖泊和湿地的地下岩心、森林岛屿栖息地和隆起的田地的地层挖掘，获得补充数据集，用于重建和分析大河流域的长期农业历史。

项目成果

Pre-Columbian fire management and control of climate-driven floodwaters over 3,500 years in southwestern Amazonia

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022206118
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: N. Duncan;N. Loughlin;John H. Walker;Emma P. Hocking;B. Whitney

Insights into past land-use and vegetation change in the Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia) using fungal non-pollen palynomorphs

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2021.105382
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: N. Loughlin;F. Mayle;N. N. Nuñez Otaño-N.;J. O'Keefe;N. Duncan;John H. Walker;B. Whitney

Starch grain analysis of ceramic residue from forest islands associated with raised fields in west central Mojos, Bolivia

对玻利维亚莫霍斯中西部高地相关森林岛屿陶瓷残留物的淀粉粒分析

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103761
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
• 作者: Young, Danielle N.;Duncan, Neil A.;Walker, John H.
• 通讯作者: Walker, John H.