Doctoral Dissertation Research: Interreligious Violence, Civic Peace, and Citizenship: Christians and Muslims in Indonesia's Moluccan Islands

波士顿大学博士生F. N. U. Sumanto在Robert Hefner博士的指导下，将在印度尼西亚东部马鲁古的基督教-穆斯林冲突地区进行宗教间暴力、公民身份和冲突后和平的研究。该项目建议首先调查导致宗教间暴力的因素，其次调查影响冲突后休战的因素，以及为该地区多宗教公民重建运作结构和公共文化的努力。更具体地说，该项目旨在研究宗教网络、组织、话语和实践在暴力之前、期间和之后的作用，调查哪些社会资源加剧了当地的紧张局势，反过来，哪些促成或正在促成能够调解种族和宗教分歧的公共文化的创造。因此，该项目的中心重点是探索马鲁古的宗教团体和民间组织在应对暴力和冲突后休战方面的动态，并研究宗教网络、协会和话语对和平的影响，以及对当地理解和国家公民实践的影响。该研究将利用(1)民族志田野调查，(2)网络和关联分析，以及(3)历史和文本材料的研究。这个项目之所以重要，首先是因为它将对多宗教社会中的暴力、冲突解决、公民身份和缔造和平的社会科学理论作出贡献。其次，该项目将促进有关宗教在严重分裂的社会中所扮演角色的理论和研究的发展。更一般地说，这个项目也将直接关系到研究世界上遭受大规模暴力蹂躏地区的暴力与和解问题。

Boston University doctoral student F. N. U. Sumanto, supervised by Dr. Robert Hefner, will undertake research on interreligious violence, citizenship, and post-conflict peace in the Christian-Muslim conflict zone of Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. The project proposes to investigate first, factors underlying interreligious violence, and, second, factors shaping the post-conflict truce and efforts to rebuild an operative structure and public culture for multi-religious citizenship in the region. More specifically, the project aims to examine the role of religious networks, organizations, discourses, and practices before, during, and after the violence, investigating which social resources aggravated local tensions, and, conversely, which contributed or is contributing to the creation of a public culture capable of mediating ethnic and religious divisions. The central focus of the project, then, is to explore the dynamics of Maluku's religious groups and civic organizations in responding to violence and the post-conflict truce, and to examine the implications of religious networks, associations, and discourses for the peace and for local understandings and practices of national citizenship. The research will utilize (1) ethnographic fieldwork, (2) network and associational analysis, and (3) the study of historical and textual materials. This project is important because it will contribute, first, to social science theories of violence, conflict resolution, citizenship, and peacemaking in multi-religious societies. Second, the project will contribute to the growing body of theory and research on the role of religion in deeply divided societies. More generally, this project will also be of direct relevance to the study of violence and reconciliation in those parts of the world that have suffered the ravages of mass violence.